Global patient safety report 2024

Globalpatient safetyreport 2024 Global patient safety report 2024 ISBN 978-92-4-009545-8 (electronic version)ISBN 978-92-4-009546-5 (print version) © World Health Organization 2024 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes,provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestionthat WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If youadapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If youcreate a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation:“Thistranslation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content oraccuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediationrules of the World Intellectual Property Organization (http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules/). Suggested citation. Global patient safety report 2024. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024.Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data.CIP data are available at https://iris.who.int/. Sales, rights and licensing.To purchase WHO publications, see https://www.who.int/publications/book-orders.To submit requests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, see https://www.who.int/copyright. Third-party materials.If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables,figures or images, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtainpermission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-ownedcomponent in the work rests solely with the user. General disclaimers.The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do notimply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country,territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted anddashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsedor recommended by WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissionsexcepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication.However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. Theresponsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall WHO be liable fordamages arising from its use. Design:Macro Graphics Pvt. Ltd. Contents Foreword — Dr Tedros Adhanom GhebreyesusviiForeword — Sir Liam DonaldsonviiiForeword — Dr Bruce AylwardxPreface — Dr Neelam DhingraxiiPreface — Dr Rudi EggersxivAcknowledgementsxvAbbreviationsxixGlossary of termsxxiExecutive summaryxxviiIntroduction1Burden of harm in health care11 Burden of harm to the patients Geographic distribution of harm in health care14Burden of harm by demographic distribution15Burden of harm by medical setting and clinical domain17Burden of harm by source21Measurement considerations and conclusions25 Financial and economic burden of unsafe care The direct costs unsafe care imposes on health care systems and budgetsDirect costs by setting and source of harmIndirect costs of unsafe care 282931 Strategic objective 1. Policies to eliminate avoidable harm in health care Strategy 1.1.Patient safety policy, strategy and implementation frameworkPatient safety as a priority in national health policyIntegration of patient safety in UHC service delivery packagesPatient safety policy and strategyNational patient safety action planNational patient safety programme Strategy 1.2.Resource mobilization and allocationBudget category and allocation of financial resourcesHuman resource plan and gap closureRecognition and reward mechanisms 50505152 Strategy 1.3.Protective legislative measuresMandatory licensing for health care facilities and servicesLaws for authorization of medical productsLegal protection against reporting of patient safety incidentsData protection and confidentiality © WHO / Martha TadesseStrategy 1.4.Safety standards, regulation and accreditation61Minimum safety standa