ID4D 全球数集第 2 卷 ： 数认识进展与差距

Volume 2| Digital Identification Progress & Gaps © 2024 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, andconclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of ExecutiveDirectors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness,or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, ordiscrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods,processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on anymap in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of anyterritory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privilegesand immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute, transmit,and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions: Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: Metz, A., Casher, C., and Clark, J. 2024. ID4D Global Dataset Volume 2:Digital Identification Progress and Gaps. Washington, DC: World Bank. License: Creative Commons Attribution CCBY 3.0 IGO. Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution:This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation.The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation. Adaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution:This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are thesole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The World Bank. Third-party content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained withinthe work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third-party-owned individual componentor part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting fromsuch infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to reuse a component of the work, it is your responsibilityto determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtain permission from the copyright owner.Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or images. All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. ID4DGLOBAL DATASET 2021 Volume 2| Digital Identification Progress & Gaps Anna MetzClaire CasherJulia Clark OTHER TITLES IN THE ID4D GLOBAL DATASET 2021 SERIES: Volume 1: Global ID Coverage EstimatesVolume 3: Trends in Identification for Development CONTENTS ABSTRACTABOUT ID4DACKNOWLEDGEMENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.INTRODUCTIONContextPurposeScope and Limitations 2.MEASURING DIGITAL ID CAPABILITYUnpacking “Digital ID”Data and Methodology 3.RESULTS & DISCUSSIONDigital DataDigital VerificationOnline Digital Identity 4.LIMITATIONS5.CONCLUSIONREFERENCESAPPENDIX 1. COUNTRY DATA TABLE FIGURES Figure 1.Number of People Without Access to Digital IdentificationxiiFigure 2.Evolution of ID Ecosystems5Figure 3.Digital Capabilities Across Three Dimensions7 TABLE Table 1. Summary of Data Sources by Indicator This paper provides a snapshot of the digital capabilities of government-recognizedidentification (ID) systems across three dimensions: (i) digitally stored records; (ii) digitalverification or authentication for in-person transactions; and (iii) digital authentication foronline transactions. This paper and data are part of a three-volume series that beganwith the 2021 ID4D Global Dataset and seek to contribute to a more precise typology andunderstanding of global trends in the digitalization of ID systems. This analysis is basedon primary data collection from ID authorities (2021–2022), data from the 2021 WorldDevelopment Report’s Global Data Regulation Survey, and desk research. The paper finds that in more than 90 percent of countries globally, ID systems now rely ondigital data; identification systems across at least two-thirds of c