绘制克罗地亚蓝色经济之路2024

© 2024 The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000Internet: www.worldbank.org SOME RIGHTS RESERVED This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusionsexpressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bankor the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the dataincluded in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any mapin this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of anyterritory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of theprivileges and immunities of the World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because the World Bank encourages dissemination ofits knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long asfull attribution to this work is given. ATTRIBUTION Please cite the work as follows: World Bank. 2024.Charting Croatia’s the Blue Economy Pathways© World Bank. All queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World BankPublications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625;e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. Cover photography: © Benan Berhan Table of contents 4 Scope and Methodology of the Report19Questions Which this Report Aims to Address20Croatia’s Traditional Maritime Sectors and Economic Contributions at a Glance20Maritime Sectors – An Engine For Growth, but are They Sustainable?22 Chapter 1. The Blue Economy Development Context24 What is Blue Economy, and Does It Matter?25Snippets of the Blue Economy Development Framework for Sustainable Growth of Maritime Space26 Chapter 2. Maritime Economy, Growth Drivers and Natural Capital28 Physical Geography and Socioeconomic Profile of Croatia’s Adriatic Coast30Coastal and Maritime Economy, Structure and Trends33Blue Natural Capital35Established Blue Economy Sectors38Coastal Tourism38Fisheries and Aquaculture42Maritime Transport47Shipbuilding and Repair50Oil and Gas51Sea Salt and Inert Materials53Emerging Blue Economy Sectors53Blue Energy54Other Blue Economy Activities for Future Development55Innovations, Research and Development56 Chapter 3. Croatia’s Maritime Space – Threats and Opportunities Natural and Human-Induced Threats to the Adriatic Marine and Coastal Environment58Climate Change Vulnerability58Municipal Solid Waste61Municipal Wastewater62Pressures from Tourism Industry62Urbanization and Land Use64Environmental Health of Coastal and Marine Ecosystems65User Conflicts and Synergies67Opportunities for Established Blue Economy Sectors70Coastal and Marine Tourism70Fisheries and Aquaculture71Fish Processing Industry72 Shipbuilding and Repair73Opportunities for Advancing Blue Economy Transition74 Chapter 4. Strategies, Policies, and Institutions for Blue Economy Transition Strategic Context for Sustainable EU Maritime Space78National Policy Framework for Transition to Blue Economy81Marine Spatial Planning87Blue Governance, Institutions and Stakeholders89Innovation, Research and Development94Regional Partnerships: EUSAIR – A Common Maritime Agenda for Blue Economy99 Chapter 5. Financing Croatia’s Blue Economy Transition102 Demand for Private Blue Finance108Supply of Sustainable Financing111 Chapter 6. Toward the Blue Economy Pathway112 Policy Development, Planning, and Institutional Framework113Protection of Marine and Coastal Resources114Inclusion and Stakeholder Participation in Transitioning to Blue Economy114Mobilizing Blue Finance115Pathways of Croatia’s Maritime Economy116 References120 Annexes123 Annex 1:Notes on Terms and Definitions Used in The Report123Annex 2:Notes on the Approach and Data Used in the Analysis127Annex 3:Economic Profiles of Adriatic Counties of Croatia128Annex 4:Outline of the Blue Economy Governance Framework131Annex 5.List of National Policies Harmonized with EU135Annex 6.State of the Environment and Pressures in the Adriatic Marine Environment –Measuring Selected GES139Annex 7.SWOT Analysis of Established Maritime Sectors142 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.Overview of Important Maritime Sectors in Croatia21Figure 2.Blue Economy Development Framework26Figure 3.GDP in Adriatic Croatia 2000-202031Figure 4.Adriatic Croatia GDP Per Capita (2000–2020)32Figure 5.Exports, Imports, Net Exports of Economic Sectors* in the Adriatic Croatia in 2022 (€’000)32Figure 6.Share of Adriatic Economy in The National Gva of Croatia, Per Sectors in 2000 and 2020 (%)33Figure 7.GVA Per Sector in The Adriatic Economy During 2000–2020 (€, Thousands)34Figure 8.Seasonal Changes of Accommodation and Food Service Activities in Croatiaand Adriatic Countries35Figure 9.Nature