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能源转型的地缘政治：能源安全

化石能源 2024-04-23 - IRENA Man💗

Geopolitics of the Energy Transition: Energy Security

Summary for Policy Makers

Key Points:

1. Global Shifts Affecting Energy Security

Renewables are transforming the energy landscape, necessitating a reevaluation of energy security paradigms.
Modernization and expansion of infrastructure, policy adaptation, and institutional strengthening are crucial.

2. Rethinking Energy Security

Energy security should prioritize resilience, inclusivity, and environmental sustainability.
Policymakers must consider the evolving geopolitics of energy transitions.

3. Addressing Energy Security

Energy security remains pivotal but requires a holistic approach encompassing technological access, market dynamics, infrastructure development, and geopolitical considerations.

Recommendations:

Prioritize Resilient Infrastructure: Focus on building robust, adaptable systems capable of handling variable renewable energy sources.
Enhance Technological Access: Promote innovation and ensure equitable distribution of clean energy technologies.
Policy Adaptation: Develop policies that facilitate a smooth transition towards renewables while managing potential geopolitical challenges.
Strengthen Interdependencies: Foster cooperation and mutual reliance among nations to ensure secure energy supplies.
Critical Materials and Supply Chains: Secure reliable sources for critical materials needed for renewable energy technologies.

Conclusion:

Addressing energy security in the era of renewables demands a multi-dimensional strategy that balances technical advancements with geopolitical considerations, ensuring sustainable and secure energy futures worldwide.

References

Please refer to the reference section at page 77 for detailed citations and sources utilized throughout the report.

© IRENA 2024 Unless otherwise stated, material in this publication may be freely used, shared, copied, reproduced, printedand/or stored, provided that appropriate acknowledgement is given of IRENA as the source and copyrightholder. Material in this publication that is attributed to third parties may be subject to separate terms of useand restrictions, and appropriate permissions from these third parties may need to be secured before anyuse of such material. ISBN:978-92-9260-599-5 CITATION:IRENA (2024),Geopolitics of the energy transition: Energy security,International RenewableEnergy Agency, Abu Dhabi.For further information or to provide feedback: publications@irena.orgThis report is available for download:www.irena.org/publications ABOUT IRENA The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) is an intergovernmental organisation thatsupports countries in their transition to a sustainable energy future. It serves as the principal platformfor international co-operation, a centre of excellence, and a repository of policy, technology, resourceand financial knowledge on renewable energy. IRENA promotes the widespread adoption andsustainable use of all forms of renewable energy, including bioenergy, geothermal, hydropower, ocean,solar and wind energy, in the pursuit of sustainable development, energy access, energy security andlow-carbon economic growth and prosperity.www.irena.org This publication was supported by voluntary contributions from the Governments of the Netherlands andNorway. DISCLAIMER This publication and the material herein are provided “as is”. All reasonable precautions have been takenby IRENA to verify the reliability of the material in this publication. However, neither IRENA nor any ofits officials, agents, data or other third-party content providers provides a warranty of any kind, eitherexpressed or implied, and they accept no responsibility or liability for any consequence of use of thepublication or material herein. The information contained herein does not necessarily represent the views of all Members of IRENA. Themention of specific companies or certain projects or products does not imply that they are endorsed orrecommended by IRENA in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The designationsemployed and the presentation of material herein do not imply the expression of any opinion on the partof IRENA concerning the legal status of any region, country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, orconcerning the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was developed under the supervision of Elizabeth Press (Director, IRENA Planning and ProgrammeSupport), who co-authored the report with Yana Popkostova and Thijs Van de Graaf (IRENA consultants)with substantive support from Ellipse Rath and Gerald Tagoe. The authors are grateful for the reviews, inputs and support provided by IRENA colleagues Roland Roesch,Michael Taylor, Francisco Boshell, Ricardo Gorini, Paul Komor, Imen Gherboudj, Adrian Gonzalez, SibghatUllah, Francis Field, Kathleen Daniel, Stephanie Clarke, Anastasia Kefalidou, Celia García-Baños, JaidevDhavle and Hannah Sofia Guinto. Internal peer review was provided by Caroline Ochieng, Emanuele Bianco, Karsten Sach (IRENA consultant),Michael Renner, Mirjam Reiner, Raul Alfaro Pelico, Safiatou Alzouma and Stefano Marguccio. External peerreview was provided by Andras Rozmer (EEAS), Annabelle Livet (Foundation for Strategic Research),Benjamin Gibson (Ørsted), Daniel Scholten (University of Minnesota), Hans Olav Ibrekk (Norwegian Ministryof Foreign Affairs, Section for Energy, Climate and Environment), Holger Klitzing (Federal Foreign Office,Germany), Indra Overland (NUPI), Irina Patrahau (HCSS), Ligia Noronha (UNEP), Olga Khakova (The AtlanticCouncil), Paula Kivimaa (Finnish Environment Institute [SYKE], Piyush Verma (UNDP), Ruud Kempener(European Commission) and Saito Kazuhiko (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan). The report was edited by Steven Kennedy. Design was provided by weeks.de Werbeagentur GmbH. ABBREVIATIONS ACCair cooled condenserCOPConference of the PartiesCRMcritical raw materialsEJexajouleESGenvironmental, social and governanceEUEuropean UnionEVselectric vehiclesFAOFood and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsGDPgross domestic productGWgigawattH2hydrogenIAEAInternational Atomic Energy AgencyIEAInternational Energy AgencyIPCCIntergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeIPRsintellectual property rightsIRENAInternational Renewable Energy AgencyLFPlithium-iron phosphateNATONorth Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNMCnickel-manganese-cobaltOECDOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentPVphotovoltaicSDGSustainable Development GoalsTFECtotal final energy consumptionTWterawattTWhterawatt-hour(U)HVDC(ultra) high voltage direct currentUNCTADUnited Nations Conference on Trade and DevelopmentUNEPUnited Nations Environment ProgrammeUF6uranium hexafluorideUSUnited StatesUSDUnited States dollarsWE

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