“一带一路”十周年：回顾、展望与多边化发展建议

摘要 2023.09.20 今年是共建“一带一路”倡议提出十周年。十年来，经过各方不懈努力，它由一个与历史关联的概念逐渐演化成活生生的现实，从一个国际合作框架上升为全球治理的理念。根据这一演进过程，CCG以历次“一带一路”国际高峰合作论坛为时间节点，将其历史分为三个阶段，对其演进规律、意义进行了归纳和总结。在第三届“一带一路”论坛即将举行之际，我们也将迎来这一倡议的新发展阶段。 “一带一路”十周年：回顾、展望与多边化发展建议 CCG Report on theBRI 10th Anniversary—Achievements andMultilateral Prospects 在“百年未有之大变局”影响下，“一带一路”的新阶段既面临挑战，也存在着新发展机遇。CCG从自身对全球化的长期研究积累出发，以“多边化”为关键词，提出“一带一路”在已有的双边和多边化合作基础上，深化多边合作，与众多现有国际合作机制实现更加紧密和更加高效的对接，提升“一带一路”国际公共产品属性，打造高效的“一带一路”多边合作机制，以更好地顺应当前全球化发展的大趋势。以此为思路，CCG特提出以下十条具体建议： 一、参照中国-东盟中心模式，在北京设立各有关国家参与的“一带一路”多边合作中心，建立精干高效的三级管理模式，在有关国家双多边重大战略对接合作提供指导并开展具体的工作。 二、成立“一带一路”多边指导委员会或国际顾问委员会，邀请“一带一路”沿线国家的社会各界人士、前政要等出任其成员，从顶层设计出发，打造“一带一路”国际治理咨询和交流机制，提升互信，加强思想交流和决策参考。 三、建立“一带一路”国际合作组织，对接现有区域机制与联合国等国际组织及规则。参照经合组织运行方式，通过平等的监督作为有效的激励手段来甄别良好的措施，促进政策进步，寻求与经合组织之间的对接、对话和合作。 四、对接美欧印，构建四方国际合作或多边合作平台，与目前既有的“重建美好世界”（B3W）、“全球门户”计划以及“印度-中东-欧洲经济走廊”（IMEC）概念寻求接触，探索建立中美欧印“四方+”国际合作平台的可能性，通过优势互补、良性竞争及第三方市场合作等共同提升全球基础设施建设水平。 五、可依照G20、APEC机制的峰会方式，在有意愿的国家轮流举办或与它们合作举办“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛，以此体现“一带一路”倡议的多边性，提升各国对“一带一路”认知度、参与感、亲切感及认同感，共同推进“一带一路”建设循序发展。 六、由亚投行牵头，与世界银行、亚洲开发银行、欧洲复兴开发银行等国际开发银行进行合作，成立“一带一路”国际开发银行合作联盟，形成国际化、规范化、公开透明的“一带一路”投融资体系，在充分发挥各国政府促进融资作用的同时，鼓励各国民间资本进入，引导商业股权投资基金和社会资金参与共建“一带一路”。 七、寻求稳慎地加入巴黎俱乐部，遵循透明、可行和可持续国际信贷规则，实现与国际规则更加紧密的对接，为面临支付困难的债务人寻求协调和可持续的解决方案，同时防范中国所面临的外部债务风险，保障全球金融稳定。 八、建立“一带一路”国际企业联盟，采取开放的加盟方式，吸引企业响应并强化企业在“一带一路”政策和项目实施中开展业务交流和信息沟通，以组织国际论坛，如制造业峰会、中小企业峰会、跨国公司与中小企业合作论坛、“一带一路”跨国企业年会等形式，交流产业、投资、合作、风险防范等方面的议题。 九、建立“一带一路”专业人才网络服务平台，聚焦“一带一路”建设的专业人士，借鉴国际经验，建立“一带一路”专业人才数据库和系统的服务体系，方便企业及其他机构寻找合适的国际化人才，帮助专业人士寻找合作伙伴或发展 平台。联合开展多边“一带一路”专项人才培养项目，通过双向方式，设置合作培养项目、增加奖学金、公派留学等方式鼓励更多中国学生赴“一带一路”沿线国家留学，同时鼓励并择优选择更多“一带一路”沿线国家和地区人员来华留学。 十、搭建多层次多元化的智库平台、联盟和合作机制，如多边智库论坛，不必局限于“一带一路”沿线国家，吸收全球有重大影响力的智库加入，集思广益，群策群力，就“一带一路”以及其他全球基础设施建设展开深入研讨，定期举行智库峰会或论坛，形成品牌化活动，为各方决策提供决策依据和参考。 Abstract 2023 witnessesthe tenth anniversary of the Belt and Road Initiative(the BRI).Over the past ten years, through the unremitting efforts of all parties, it hasgraduallyevolved from a historically relevant concept to a living reality, and from an internationalcooperation framework to a concept of global governance. Based on this evolutionaryprocess, CCG has divided the history of the BRIinto three phases by taking the previousBelt and Road Forum for International Cooperation (BRF) as the time nodes, and hassummarized its evolutionary pattern and significance. As the third BRF is about to beheld, we are about to usher in a new stage of development of this initiative. Under the influence of the "profound change unseen in a century", the new phaseof the BRIis facing both challenges and new development opportunities, and CCG,based on its long-term accumulation of research on globalization, proposes that the BRIshoulddeepen multilateral co-operation on the basis of existing bilateral andmultilateralised cooperationsystem toachieve closer and more efficient interactionwithotherexisting international cooperation mechanisms,thusenhance thenatureofthe Belt and Roadas an international public good, and improveitsquality, leading it toa more sustainableandhigherefficientlevel, while properly embedding itto the currenttrend of globalization.The following ten specific recommendationsare listed: First,following the model of theASEAN-ChinaCentre,we recommend settingupa multilateral cooperationcenterfor theBRIin Beijing with the participation of thecountries concernedandimplementingan efficient three-tier management structure toprovide guidance andundertakingspecific tasks in the alignment and cooperation ofmajor bilateral and multilateral strategies with relevant countries." Second,we propose to establish a BRI multilateral guidance committee orinternational advisory committee and invite individuals from various sectors and formerdignitaries from countries along the 'Belt and Road' to serve as its members. Thecommittee servesasan international governance advisory or platform for the BRI, aiming to enhance mutual trust, strengthen intellectual and decision-making references,and promote communication from a top-level design perspective. Third, we recommendestablishingan international cooperation organization forthe BRI to align with existing regional mechanisms and international organizations.Drawing inspiration from the model of the OECD, it may be used as an effectiveincentive to identify favorable measures,andpromote policy progress of the BRI, andit may also seek alignment, dialogue, and cooperation with the OECD. Fourth,to probe the possibilityof workingwith the United States, India,andEurope to build a quadrilateral international cooperation or multilateral cooperationplatform, with the existing Build a Better World (B3W), Global Gatewayprogram andIndia-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC).It is valuable toexplore thepossibility of establishing a China-US-India-Europe "quadrilateral+" internationalcooperation platform, so as to jointly enhance the level of global infrastructureconstruction throughmultilateral andcomplementary cooperation. Fifth