Intellectual Property Adjudication in the Philippines

Intellectual Property Benchbook SeriesSeries editor: Justice Stephen Burley Introduction to the International IntellectualProperty Legal FrameworkISBN: 978-92-805-3495-5 Intellectual Property Adjudication inthe PhilippinesISBN: 978-92-805-3497-9 Intellectual Property Adjudication in Viet NamISBN: 978-92-805-3499-3 Intellectual PropertyAdjudication inthe Philippines Editor: Justice Stephen BurleyFederal Court of Australia, Sydney, Australia Contributing author: Associate Justice Maria Rowena Modesto-San PedroCourt of Tax Appeals, Quezon City, Philippines This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. © WIPO, 2023 The user is allowed to reproduce, distribute, adapt, translate and publiclyperform this publication, including for commercial purposes, withoutexplicit permission, provided that the content is accompanied by anacknowledgment that WIPO is the source and that it is clearly indicated ifchanges were made to the original content. First published 2023 World Intellectual Property Organization34, chemin des Colombettes, P.O. Box 18CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland Suggested citation: World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) (2023).Intellectual Property Adjudication in the Philippines,Intellectual PropertyBenchbook Series. Geneva: WIPO.DOI:10.34667/tind.47181 ISBN: 978-92-805-3496-2 (print)ISBN: 978-92-805-3497-9 (online) Adaptation/translation/derivatives should not carry any official emblem orlogo, unless they have been approved and validated by WIPO. Please contactus via theWIPO websiteto obtain permission. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Cover: Getty Images / © Natali_Mis© Cheng Chen For any derivative work, please include the following disclaimer: “TheSecretariat of WIPO assumes no liability or responsibility with regard to thetransformation or translation of the original content.” When content published by WIPO, such as images, graphics, trademarksor logos, is attributed to a third-party, the user of such content is solelyresponsible for clearing the rights with the right holder(s). Any dispute arising under this license that cannot be settled amicably shallbe referred to arbitration in accordance with Arbitration Rules of the UnitedNations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) then in force.The parties shall be bound by any arbitration award rendered as a result ofsuch arbitration as the final adjudication of such a dispute. The designations employed and the presentation of material throughoutthis publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoeveron the part of WIPO concerning the legal status of any country, territoryor area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiersor boundaries. This publication is not intended to reflect the views of the Member States orthe WIPO Secretariat. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does notimply that they are endorsed or recommended by WIPO in preference toothers of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Contents Foreword7Editor’s introduction to the series8Acknowledgments10 Chapter 1Procedure11 1.1Introduction111.2Overview of the legal system in the Philippines111.2.1Court hierarchy111.2.2Intellectual Property Office12 1.3Sources of law131.4Obtaining intellectual property protection131.5Revocation or cancellation13 1.6Infringement141.6.1Civil proceedings141.6.1.1Standing141.6.1.2Forum shopping151.6.1.3Pleadings161.6.1.4Discovery and admissions181.6.1.5Pre-trial process in civil actions191.6.1.6Clarification hearing(s) following pre-trial211.6.1.7Setting trial dates211.6.1.8Failure to appear211.6.1.9Court-annexed mediation in civil actions21 1.6.2Criminal proceedings1.6.2.1Complaint, preliminary investigation and filing of information1.6.2.2Courtevaluation1.6.2.3Arraignment1.6.2.4Prohibited motions1.6.2.5Pre-trial process in criminal actions1.6.2.6Court-annexed mediation in criminal actions 1.6.3Judgment and appeal1.6.3.1Judgments1.6.3.2Appeals 1.7Evidence251.7.1Evidence in civil proceedings251.7.2Evidence in criminal proceedings251.7.3Common Rules of admissibility and weight of evidence261.7.3.1Fraudulent intent261.7.3.2Good faith261.7.3.3Foreign official documents261.7.4Memoranda and draft decisions27 1.8Remedies271.8.1Urgent measures/interim relief271.8.1.1Injunctions and restraining orders271.8.1.2Search-and-seizure orders271.8.1.3Destruction and disposal33 1.8.2Civil remedies361.8.2.1Damages361.8.2.2Final injunction and restraining orders36 1.8.2.3Search-and-seizure orders361.8.2.4Destruction and disposal361.8.3Criminal penalties361.9Post-trial matters37 Appendices38 Appendix 1.A Sample order granting a search warrant38Appendix 1.B Sample search warrant43Appendix 1.C Sample order for destruction46 Chapter 2Trademark49 2.1Introduction492.2What is a trademark in the Philippines?492.3Sources of law502.4Obtaining registered trademark protection502.5Requirements for trademark registration50 2.7Revocation or