在印度尼西亚实现可持续和高效的能源转型：电力部门重组路线图（英）

ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANKACHIEVING A SUSTAINABLE AND EFFICIENT ENERGY TRANSITION IN INDONESIAA POWER SECTOR RESTRUCTURING ROAD MAPFEBRUARY 2023 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANKACHIEVING A SUSTAINABLE AND EFFICIENT ENERGY TRANSITION IN INDONESIAA POWER SECTOR RESTRUCTURING ROAD MAPFEBRUARY 2023 Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)© 2023 Asian Development Bank6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, PhilippinesTel +63 2 8632 4444; Fax +63 2 8636 2444www.adb.orgSome rights reserved. Published in 2023. ISBN 978-92-9270-028-7 (print), 978-92-9270-029-4 (electronic), 978-92-9270-030-0 (ebook)Publication Stock No. TCS230030DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/TCS230030The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. By using the content of this publication, you agree to be bound by the terms of this license. For attribution, translations, adaptations, and permissions, please read the provisions and terms of use at https://www.adb.org/terms-use#openaccess.This CC license does not apply to non-ADB copyright materials in this publication. If the material is attributed to another source, please contact the copyright owner or publisher of that source for permission to reproduce it. ADB cannot be held liable for any claims that arise as a result of your use of the material.Please contact pubsmarketing@adb.org if you have questions or comments with respect to content, or if you wish to obtain copyright permission for your intended use that does not fall within these terms, or for permission to use the ADB logo.Corrigenda to ADB publications may be found at http://www.adb.org/publications/corrigenda.Notes: In this publication, “$” refers to United States dollars.Cover design by Francis Manio. Photo by shutterstock. ContentsTable and Figures ivAbbreviations vExecutive Summary viIntroduction 1The Future Sector Structure 2Mapping the Current PLN Organization to the Independent System Operator as Single Buyer 3Four Stages of Power Sector Reform 8Stage 1: The Current Situation 12Revenue Model 13Governance and Regulation 14PLN and Industry Structure 15Stage 2: Internal Single Buyer 16Revenue Model 16Governance and Regulation 17PLN and Industry Structure 19Stage 3: Ring-Fenced Single Buyer 20Revenue Model 21Governance and Regulation 21PLN and Industry Structure 22Stage 4: New Single Buyer 25Revenue Model 25Governance and Regulation 25PLN and Industry Structure 26Discussion and Summary 32Key Dependencies and Timing 32Indicative Costs 32Next Steps 33 TableThe Proposed Staging of Reforms xvFigures1 The Option for Independent System Operator as Single Buyer 22 High-level Business Process Flow for the Independent System Operator as Single Buyer 33 Mapping of Independent System Operator as Single Buyer Functions to the Current PLN Organization 54 Current Structure of the Indonesian Power Sector 125 Structure of the Indonesia Power Sector During Stage 2—Internal Single Buyer 206 Structure of the Indonesian Power Sector During Stage 3—Ring-Fenced Single Buyer 237 Structure of the Indonesia Power Sector During Stage 4—Full Single Buyer 268 Proposed Structure of the Indonesian Power Sector 28Table and Figures AbbreviationsADB Asian Development BankBoC Board of CommissionersBPK Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (state auditor)BPP biaya pokok penyediaan (accounting production cost)BPPTL Badan Pengatur Pasar Tenaga Listrik (electricity market regulator)CPI-X consumer price index-efficiency improvement factorDJEBTKE Direktorat Jenderal Energi Baru dan Terbarukan dan Konservasi Energi (Directorate General of New and Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation)DJK Direktorat Jenderal Ketenagalistrikan (Directorate General of Electricity, which is under MEMR)DPR Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (People’s Representative Council)EPC engineering, procurement, and constructionHV high voltageIPP independent power producerISO independent system operatorLV low voltageMEMR Ministry of Energy and Mineral ResourcesMOF Ministry of FinanceMSOE Ministry of State-Owned EnterprisesMV medium voltageNRE new and renewable energyPBR performance-based regulationPJB PT Pembangkitan Jawa BaliPLN PT Perusaha