一个协调研究项目的最终报告：提高抗事故能力的水冷反应堆燃料的选择和实验检验分析

&国际原子能机构《技术文件》第1921号国际原子能机构《技术文件》第1921号 国际原子能机构《技术文件丛书》提高抗事故能力的水冷反应堆燃料的选择和实验检验分析一个协调研究项目的最终报告 ᨆ儎ᣍӁ᭻㜳࣑Ⲻ≪߭ਃᓊ฼ ⟹ᯏⲺ䘿᤟ૂᇔ僂Ỷ僂࠼᷆ лࡇഭᇦᱟഭ䱵৏ᆀ㜭ᵪᶴⲴᡀઈഭ˖ 䱯ᇼ⊇ Ṭ励ਹӊ े傜ަ亯 䱯ቄᐤቬӊ ᗧഭ ᥚေ 䱯ቄ৺࡙ӊ ࣐㓣 䱯ᴬ ᆹକ᣹ ᐼ㝺 ᐤสᯟඖ ᆹᨀ⬌઼ᐤᐳ䗮 Ṭ᷇㓣䗮 ᑅࣣ 䱯ṩᔧ ডൠ傜᣹ ᐤ᤯傜 ӊ㖾ቬӊ ൝ӊ䛓 ᐤᐳӊᯠ޵ࠐӊ ◣བྷ࡙ӊ ⎧ൠ ᐤ᣹൝ ࡙ྕൠ ᮉᔧ 〈励 䱯ຎᤌ⮶ ⍚䜭᣹ᯟ 㨢ᖻᇮ ᐤ૸傜 ࡙स⢉ ޠ⌒ ᐤ᷇ ዋߠ 㪑㨴⢉ ᆏ࣐᣹ഭ ঠᓖ ঑ຄቄ ᐤᐤཊᯟ ঠᓖቬ㾯ӊ ᪙ቄཊ⬖ޡ઼ഭ ⲭ״㖇ᯟ ԺᵇԺᯟޡޠ઼ഭ 㖇傜ቬӊ ᰦ࡙∄ ݻԺ᣹ ״㖇ᯟ㚄䛖 ީ࡙՟ ޠ⡡ቄ ঒ᰪ䗮 䍍ᆱ ࡇԕ㢢 ൓঒㾯ӊ ཊ≁᯿⧫࡙㔤ӊഭ ࡙᜿བྷ ൓᮷἞⢩઼Ṭ᷇㓣бᯟ ⌒ᯟቬӊ઼唁ຎକ㔤䛓 ⢉Ҡ࣐ 㩘᪙ӊ ঊ㥘⬖㓣 ᰕᵜ ൓傜࣋䈪 ᐤ㾯 㓖ᰖ ⋉⢩䱯᣹՟ ᮷㧡䗮励㩘ޠഭ ૸㩘ݻᯟඖ ຎ޵࣐ቄ ӊ࡙࣐؍ 㛟ቬӊ ຎቄ㔤ӊ ᐳส㓣⌅㍒ བྷ丙≁ഭ ຎ㠼ቄ ᐳ䲶䘚 、ေ⢩ ຎ᣹࡙ᰲ Ḝคመ ਹቄਹᯟᯟඖ ᯠ࣐එ ர哖䲶 㘱᥍Ӫ≁≁ѫޡ઼ഭ ᯟ⍋Հݻ ࣐᤯བྷ ᣹㝡㔤ӊ ᯟ⍋᮷ቬӊ ѝ䶎ޡ઼ഭ 哾ᐤᄙ ই䶎 ѽᗇ 㧡㍒ᢈ 㾯⨝⢉ ࡙Ც ࡙∄䟼ӊ ᯟ䟼ޠ঑ ѝഭ ∄ӊ࡙ 㣿ѩ କՖ∄ӊ ࡇ᭟ᮖ༛ⲫ ި⪎ 、᪙㖇 ・䲦ᇋ ⪎༛ ᷌ࡊ ঒἞๑ 䱯᣹՟ਉ࡙ӊޡ઼ഭ କᯟ䗮哾࣐ 傜䗮࣐ᯟ࣐ ຄਹݻᯟඖ 、⢩䘚⬖ 傜᣹㔤 ⌠ഭ ݻ㖇ൠӊ 傜ᶕ㾯ӊ ཊକ ਔᐤ 傜䟼 ⢩・ቬ䗮઼ཊᐤକ ຎ⎖䐟ᯟ 傜㙣Ԇ ケቬᯟ ઼ഭޡݻᦧ 傜㓽ቄ㗔ዋ ަ൏㙣 ࡊ᷌≁ѫޡ઼ഭ ∋䟼ຄቬӊ ൏ᓃᴬᯟඖ ѩ哖 ∋䟼≲ᯟ Ѽᒢ䗮 ਹᐳᨀ ໘㾯କ ޠݻѼ ཊ㊣ቬݻ ᪙㓣କ 䱯᣹՟㚄ਸ䝻䮯ഭ ཊ㊣ቬ࣐ޡ઼ഭ 㫉ਔ བྷнࡇ仐৺े⡡ቄޠ㚄ਸ⦻ഭ ঴⬌ཊቄ 唁ኡ ඖẁቬӊ㚄ਸޡ઼ഭ ෳ৺ ᪙⍋କ 㖾࡙ඊਸՇഭ 㩘ቄ⬖ཊ 㧛ẁ∄ݻ Ѽ᣹൝ ঴・⢩䟼ӊ 㔵⭨ ᯟඖݻ࡛ީѼ ⡡⋉ቬӊ 㓣㊣∄ӊ ⬖ࣚ䱯മ ᯟေ༛ޠ ቬ⋺ቄ င޵⪎᣹⧫࡙⬖ቄޡ઼ഭ ෳຎ״∄ӊ ޠ㦧 䎺ই ᯀ⍾ ޠᯠ㾯 ҏ䰘 ޠ㣜 ቬ࣐᣹⬌ 䎎∄ӊ ⌅ഭ ቬᰕቄ ⍕ᐤᐳ世 ࣐㬜 ቬᰕ࡙ӊ ഭ䱵৏ᆀ㜭ᵪᶴlj㿴㓖NJҾ1956ᒤ10ᴸ23ᰕ㓿൘㓭㓖㚄ਸഭᙫ䜘Ѯ㹼Ⲵഭ䱵৏ᆀ㜭ᵪᶴ㿴㓖བྷՊṨ߶ˈ1957ᒤ7ᴸ29ᰕ⭏᭸DŽഭ䱵৏ᆀ㜭ᵪᶴᙫ䜘䇮൘㔤ҏ㓣ˈަѫ㾱ⴞḷᱟĀ࣐䙏઼ᢙབྷ৏ᆀ㜭ሩޘц⭼઼ᒣǃڕᓧ৺㑱㦓Ⲵ䍑⥞āDŽ ഭ䱵৏ᆀ㜭ᵪᶴljᢰᵟ᮷ԦNJᅮ1921ਧ ᨆ儎ᣍӁ᭻㜳࣑Ⲻ≪߭ਃᓊ฼ ⟹ᯏⲺ䘿᤟ૂᇔ僂Ỷ僂࠼᷆ аањॿ䈳⹄ウ亩ⴞⲴᴰ㓸ᣕ੺ ഭ 䱵 ৏ ᆀ 㜭 ᵪ ᶴ 2022ᒤg㔤ҏ㓣 ⡾ ᵹ 䈪 ᱄ ഭ䱵৏ᆀ㜭ᵪᶴⲴᡰᴹ、ᆖ઼ᢰᵟࠪ⡸⢙൷ਇ1952ᒤ˄՟ቄቬ˅䙊䗷ᒦҾ1972ᒤ˄ᐤ哾˅؞䇒Ⲵljц⭼⡸ᵳޜ㓖NJѻᶑDⲴ؍ᣔDŽ㠚䛓ᰦԕᶕˈц⭼⸕䇶ӗᵳ㓴㓷˄ᰕ޵⬖˅ᐢሶ⡸ᵳⲴ㤳തᢙབྷࡠवᤜ⭥ᆀᖒᔿ઼㲊ᤏᖒᔿⲴ⸕䇶ӗᵳDŽᗵ享㧧ᗇ䇨ਟ㘼ф䙊ᑨ䴰㾱ㆮ䇒⡸〾ॿ䇞ᯩ㜭֯⭘ഭ䱵৏ᆀ㜭ᵪᶴঠࡧᖒᔿᡆ⭥ᆀᖒᔿࠪ⡸⢙ѝᡰ䖭ޘ䜘ᡆ䜘޵࠶ᇩDŽ⅒䗾ᴹޣ䶎୶ъᙗ㘫ঠ઼㘫䈁Ⲵᔪ䇞ᒦሶ൘њṸส⹰кҸԕ㘳㲁DŽ඲䈒ᓄ᤹ԕлൠ൰ਁ㠣ഭ䱵৏ᆀ㜭ᵪᶴࠪ⡸༴˖ Marketing and Sales Unit Publishing Section International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna International Centre PO Box 100 1400 Vienna, Austria Րⵏ˖+43 1 2600 22529 ⭥䈍˖+43 1 2600 22417 ⭥ᆀؑ㇡˖sales.publications@iaea.org https://www.iaea.org/zh/chu-ban-wu ᴹޣᵜࠪ⡸⢙Ⲵ䘋а↕ؑ᚟ˈ䈧㚄㌫˖ Ṩ⟳ᯉᗚ⧟઼ᶀᯉ༴ ഭ䱵৏ᆀ㜭ᵪᶴ 㔤ҏ㓣ഭ䱵ѝᗳ 䛞᭯ؑ㇡100 ྕൠ࡙㔤ҏ㓣1400 ⭥ᆀؑ㇡˖Official.Mail@iaea.org © ഭ䱵৏ᆀ㜭ᵪᶴg2022ᒤ ഭ䱵৏ᆀ㜭ᵪᶴঠࡦ 2022ᒤ1ᴸg࡙ྕൠ ᨀᨀ儈ᣇһ᭵㜭࣋Ⲵ≤ߧ৽ᓄึ⟳ᯉⲴ䘹ᤙ઼ᇎ傼Ự傼࠶᷀ ഭ䱵৏ᆀ㜭ᵪᶴˈྕൠ࡙ˈ2022ᒤ1ᴸ IAEA-TECDOC-1921 ISBN 978-92-0-529821-4˄ㆰ㻵Җ˖⻡ᙗ㓨˅ ISBN 978-92-0-529721-7˄pdfṬᔿ˅ ᓅ䀶 Ṩ㜭ᐢ㻛䇱᰾ᱟа⿽ਟ䶐Ⲵǃ⧟ໍາਟᤱ㔝фᡀᵜ᭸⳺㢟ྭⲴབྷ㿴⁑⭥࣋ᶕⓀDŽѪҶ㔗㔝᭩䘋ᢰᵟˈޘц⭼䜭൘䘭ራ൘䘀㹼઼ⷜᘱᐕߥл䘋а↕ᨀ儈৽ᓄึⲴ䘀㹼ਟ䶐ᙗǃ㓿⍾ᙗ઼ᆹޘᙗDŽབྷཊᮠ⧠ᴹṨ⭥ㄉ䜭ᱟ֯⭘Ҽ≗ॆ䫰㣟ඇ઼䬶ਸ䠁व༣㇑Ⲵ䖫≤ึDŽᮠॱᒤⲴ⹄ウ৺ᤱ㔝Ⲵ䘀㹼᧘ࣘҶᢰᵟⲴっᇊ䘋↕ˈ㧧ᗇҶབྷ䟿൘䘀㹼ᐕߥ઼һ᭵ᐕߥл䖫≤ึ⟳ᯉᙗ㜭Ⲵᮠᦞǃ㓿傼઼⸕䇶DŽᔰਁާᴹᴤ儈⟳㙇Ⲵ⟳ᯉᶕቭ䟿߿ቁᓏ⢙ˈԕ৺ѪҶ࣏⦷ॷ㓗઼⟳ᯉਟ䶐ᙗ㘼໎࣐⟳ᯉ࣏⦷ᇶᓖⲴ⹄ウਇࡠ⢩ޣ࡛⌘DŽ鬯ዋᅮаṨ⭥ㄉһԦ઼ݸ䘋ᶀᯉ⹄ਁⲴ䘋ኅѪᨀ儈Ṩᙗ㜭઼Ṩᆹޘᨀ׋Ҷࣘ࣋ˈӾ㘼߿䖫Ҷѕ䟽һ᭵Ⲵᖡ૽DŽ䘉ᅨਸ2015ᒤ൘㔤ҏ㓣Ѯ㹼ⲴĀ䢤Ҿ鬯ዋᅮаṨ⭥ㄉһ᭵࣐ᕪ⹄ਁᴹ᭸ᙗⲴഭ䱵৏ᆀ㜭ᵪᶴഭ䱵уᇦՊ䇞āⲴᔪ䇞DŽ䘉Ӌᔪ䇞৽᱐ҶуᇦԜޣҾ䴰㾱䘋а↕ᔰኅ⹄ਁ⍫઼ࣘഭ䱵ਸ֌ࣚ࣋Ⲵ㿲⛩ˈᒦ൘2015ᒤ12ᴸѮ㹼ⲴĀਾ鬯ዋ⹄ਁᡈ⮕઼Ոݸһ亩ᢰᵟՊ䇞āкᗇࡠҶ䘋а↕ⲴᆼழDŽ ᖃࡽ↓൘ᔰਁⲴᯠᢰᵟѝˈᴹа⿽ᱟᣇһ᭵⟳ᯉ˄accident tolerant fuel, ATF˅ˈᆳᴹਟ㜭൘䘀㹼ᐕߥǃⷜᘱᐕߥ઼һ᭵ᐕߥлᨀ׋ᴤྭⲴᙗ㜭ˈӾ㘼ᨀ儈Ṩ⭥ㄉⲴᆹޘᙗDŽ䘉Ӌᯠ⟳ᯉ઼व༣൘ᣅޕᐕъॆᓄ⭘ࡽ䴰㾱ᗇࡠ䇨ਟˈᡰԕ䇴ՠަ൘↓ᑨ䘀㹼઼һ᭵ᐕߥл㹼ѪⲴ⹄ウ↓൘䘋㹼DŽ ⁑ᤏн਼ᐕߥлṨ⟳ᯉ㹼ѪⲴ䇑㇇ᵪ〻ᒿⲴᔰਁ઼傼䇱ˈ䴰㾱䙊䗷ᤱѵ㘼ᰲ䍥Ⲵᇎ傼᭦䳶ᒯ⌋фਟ䶐Ⲵᇎ傼ᮠᦞDŽ䘉ቡᱟѪӰѸ䶎ᑨ䴰㾱൘䘉а亶ฏ䘋㹼ഭ䱵ਸ֌DŽഭ䱵৏ᆀ㜭ᵪᶴ˄IAEA˅а䍟᭟ᤱᴹޣᡀઈഭࣚ࣋ᨀ儈ަ⭘Ҿ亴⍻⟳ᯉ㹼ѪⲴ䇑㇇ᵪԓ⸱Ⲵ㜭࣋DŽ仈ѪĀᨀ儈ᣇһ᭵㜭࣋Ⲵ≤ߧ৽ᓄึ⟳ᯉⲴ䘹ᤙ઼ᇎ傼Ự傼࠶᷀˄ACTOF˅āⲴॿ䈳⹄ウ亩ⴞ˄coordinated research projectˈCRP˅ˈ䙊䗷㘳㲁ݸ䘋⟳ᯉᾲᘥⲴᔪ⁑઼ᔰਁˈ᭟ᤱ↔㊫⟳ᯉ൘䎠ੁ୶⭘䗷〻ѝᡰ䴰ᇎ傼ᮠᦞⲴ᭦䳶ˈሩ䘉Ӌࣚ࣋䘋㹼Ҷ㺕ݵDŽCRPᱟ৏ᆀ㜭ᵪᶴṨᆹޘ㹼ࣘ䇑ࡂⲴᔦ㔝ˈҏᱟ2014ᒤ൘㖾ഭѮ㹼ⲴĀ䖫≤ึᣇһ᭵⟳ᯉᾲᘥᢰᵟՊ䇞āⲴᔦ㔝DŽ ⭡ҾՇཊ㓴㓷઼њӪⲴ᭟ᤱ઼ླཱྀ⥞ˈACTOFᗇԕᇎ⧠DŽ৏ᆀ㜭ᵪᶴᝏ䉒⟳ᯉᙗ㜭઼ᢰᵟᐕ֌㓴˄TWG-FPT˅ሩ↔CRPⲴᔪ䇞઼᭟ᤱDŽ৏ᆀ㜭ᵪᶴ䘈㾱ᝏ䉒ᡰᴹ㕆߉ѝ䰤ᶀᯉ઼ᴰ㓸ᣕ੺ⲴӪDŽ৏ᆀ㜭ᵪᶴ䍏䍓ᵜࠪ⡸⢙ⲴᇈઈᱟṨ⟳ᯉᗚ⧟઼ᓏ⢙ᢰᵟਨⲴM. VeshchunovDŽ ⢁⢁ 䎀 ➕ ⡟⨗⟇㹐㻖ⷚ(資)㵗ⷆ㦬㳂⹊⭥䊎㬝䓫㑰⢁㾕᷍㸕(가)⺛カ䊎䓴㚽〛⹚⢁ゎ㦬䊒⢁ゎ᱄㰚㭗⹼⮄㦵䇪㵗ⷆ㦬⶛䋑᷍⤃⤜䄜Ⰹ⫛⢎䊎䓴㚽〛⹚〓㡅⧪䊒⺛⭥䅃ボ᱄䊎䓴㚽〛⹚〓㡅⧪䊒⺛ⰵ㬚䇤⡟⨗⟇㹐㋪㚽⥛㪛⭥水⺜㉚⤜⧱⭄㦯工䋑㦯᱄⡟⨗⟇㹐⤜㪇ゑ㦯工㦬⭥䔘㸋〓⤜䔘㸋⭥ⳉ㔪〓㡅㰜䋑㦯㸫㳃᱄㬚䇤⺛コ〓㒍㵢⭥㲹Ⰹ㘜⧧⤃⤜䅃㸗䓦䊎䓴㚽〛⹚䔘㸋⨗⟇䎀ⰵ䎃㏁⺛コ〓㒍㵢᱃㡅⭒(祝)巛〛⹚〓㡅⢀ᆅ⭥鼠Ⰹ⭥ⳉ㔪⭹㸜䔘⨗㦯工㝱ⰰ᱄㳂ゑ(祭)㳆⹌㯟〓⥛㠘⭥㘜⧧᷉㸿㔼⢎㘘䓃⥂䈌ⴒ᷊⤃⤜䅃㸗䓦䊎䓴㚽〛⹚䇱㦯工㣷ⳙ㰚䇱㦉⭥䅃㵝᷍䄓⤜䇇⡜ᇲ㬮㸋䊎䓴㚽〛⹚⭥㦰㋪〓㵧ᆑ᱄䔘䎀䇱䋑㦯㬣㻩〒⭤⡹䄋⭥㿎㋪᷍㬚䊎䓴㚽〛⹚㚽⹜ⶕ䐧᱃Ⳏ䅌〓㬚䇤㎕䓵䄲㬽⟇㦉⡄鹿⭥㎕䊕⭥⤥㑰᱄䊎䓴㚽〛⹚ⰵ⡟⨗⟇㹐䐱㳂ゑ⭥㶃⤠〓⭻㧞Ⳟ䅓㲹㶙㶙䍟⭥㶙䐘キ㿙⫇䊻〓䓝㦘䈌ⴒ⤜⶛䇱䋑㦯᷍ⱙ㣳⤜⡄䐅䎃㏁㶙䍟㩰⭥㦯工㚻㦾㻷䊻〓ᄐ㎕㦵㦜䓝㦘〓㬫⭒᱄ ⴤ ᖋ 1. ᕅᕅ䀰 .............................................................................................................................1 1.1. 㛼Ჟ .....................................................................................................................1 1.2. ⴞḷ.............................................................................................................................................................1 1.3. 㤳ത.............................................................................................................................................................2 1.4. 㔃ᶴ.............................................................................................................................................................2 2. ᶀᯉ኎ᙗ ..............................................................................................................................................................3 2.1. FeCrAlव༣ ..........................................................................................................3 2.1.1. ✝⢙⨶⢩ᙗ ................................................................................................4 2.1.2. ᵪỠ࣋ᆖᙗ㜭 ............................................................................................4 2.1.3. ✝㹅ਈ઼䗀➗㹅ਈ......................................................................................5 2.1.4. 䗀➗㛯㛰 ...................................................................................................6 2.1.5. ≗ॆ ..........................................................................................................6 2.1.6. ⠶⹤ཡ᭸ḷ߶ ......