您的浏览器禁用了JavaScript(一种计算机语言,用以实现您与网页的交互),请解除该禁用,或者联系我们。[五矿证券]:电气设备行业动力电池深度:从芯出发,回归技术本源、聚焦发展主线 - 发现报告
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电气设备行业动力电池深度:从芯出发,回归技术本源、聚焦发展主线

电气设备2021-10-12葛军、孙景文五矿证券足***
电气设备行业动力电池深度:从芯出发,回归技术本源、聚焦发展主线

请仔细阅读本报告末页声明 Page 1 / 101 [T able_Main] 动力电池深度:从芯出发,回归技术本源、聚焦发展主线 [Table_Invest] 电气设备 评级: 看好 日期: 2021.10.12 [T able_Author] 分析师 葛军 登记编码:S0950519050002 : 021-61097705 : gejun@w kzq.com.cn 分析师 孙景文 登记编码:S0950519050001 : 021-61097715 : sunjingw en@w kzq.com.cn 联系人 李铭全 : 15356158680 : limingquan@w kzq.com.cn [T able_PicQuote] 行业表现 2021/10/11 资料来源:Wind,聚源 [T able_DocReport] 相关研究  报告要点 我们关于动力电池的两大判断:性能螺旋式升级、应用倒锥形发展。动力电池是新能源汽车的“心脏”,占整车成本30%-40%。目前阶段,电池性能仍然具备广阔的提升空间,我们预计未来将呈现螺旋式升级:电化学体系需要综合考虑能量和功率密度、循环寿命、安全性等多个维度,因此基于差异化的出行需求,将形成各有侧重、多元的动力电池产品线。同时,受益技术迭代、提质降本,电池的能力边界在逐步扩大,从而持续开辟全新的储能场景与市场,形成倒锥形的发展格局,终局将实现对移动式与固定式化石能源的替代。 提升比能为主线,电池材料持续渐进式迭代,从液态、半固态向全固态演进。1)纵观电动化进程,提高能量密度是全球技术发展的主线,同时电化学的特点是遵循渐进式革新。2)锂作为自然界最轻、标准电极电位最低的金属元素,锂电体系的理论比能最接近化石燃料、综合性能最适配动力的应用场景,因此将作为长期的主流选择。3)正极的开发方向是高镍、富锂、高电压;目前即便三元正极的比容也仅为石墨负极的55%,因此提升正极的性能尤其迫切:一方面,三元在于高镍低钴,针对钴镍锰等过渡金属嵌锂化合物开展改性,未来270mAh/g或5V级先进正极有望靠近电芯400Wh/k g的目标;另一方面,对于理论比容低的磷酸铁锂,在于开发磷酸锰铁锂提升电压,比能有望提升15%-20%;4)负极的主要开发方向是低成本高比容;碳负极作为基体材料有望长期存在,理论比容可达4200mAh/ g的硅负极正逐渐导入商用,最为理想的金属锂负极尚处于小规模生产阶段;5)电解质与隔膜相对成熟,伴随正负极的迭代,将持续开展改性与新材料开发;液态电池中电解质溶剂基本定型,将重点研制新型锂盐及添加剂;隔膜趋势是轻薄化,可选基体材料有望进一步拓展;6)固态电池可谓真正的颠覆;液态锂离子电芯的比能上限约35 0-400Wh/kg,且有机液态易燃,固态将在增强安全性的同时打开比能空间,但受制于技术、工艺和配套难点,其产业化仍需渐进开展;我们预计半固态+成熟正负极/金属锂负极将率先导入,全固态车载动力的产业化或仍需5-10年。 电池结构创新、系统集约化提高技术进步曲线的斜率。在锂电材料遵循电化学的特性渐进式升级的同时,通过工艺精进亦可加快电池系统能量密度和综合性能的提升,方向有二:1)结构创新:主要包括做大电芯,方形电池优势独特,但4680大圆柱也可使能量增加五倍,软包则有望在固态导入中扩大应用;2)系统集约化:去掉冗余零件、功能及繁杂工艺,电池系统将向无模组化演进,不止步于CTP或刀片电池技术,未来CTC等将实现更高程度集成。 五维塑造深厚护城河,看好中国电池龙头的全球竞争力。我们认为,动力电池的高壁垒主要体现在下述五个维度,因此有利于形成强者更强的行业格局,龙头企业将引领锂电技术的发展方向:1)要求高强度的研发投入,及深厚的技术积淀;2)精益生产,极限制造创新;3)有效、高质的产能扩张,形成规模效应;4)构建完备的供应链体系;5)与全球领军车企深度协作。在此基础上,中国的电池龙头还背靠强大的本土汽车消费市场,并受益中国能源结构转型的时代红利,因此我们积极预期宁德时代、比亚迪等企业的长期发展。 风险提示: 1、全球新能源汽车推广低预期、市场竞争加剧、产业政策退坡或安全事件导致电池需求和产品价格下滑; 2、关键原材料及汽车芯片的供应风险、氢燃料技术发展或带来替代、全球宏观经济及汽车消费走软的风险。 -7%9%25 %41 %57 %73 %20 20/1020 21/120 21/420 21/7电气设备上证综指沪深300[T able_First] 证券研究报告 | 行业深度 请仔细阅读本报告末页声明 Page 2 / 101 [T able_Main] Focusing on Automotive Battery, from the Perspective of Battery Technology [Table_Invest] Ele ctrical Equipment Rating: Positiv e Date: 2021.10.12 1 [T able_Author] Jun Ge Research Analyst S0950519050002 : 021-61097705 : gejun@w kzq.com.cn Jingw en Sun Research Analyst S0950519050001 : 021-61097715 : sunjingw en@w kzq.com.cn Mingquan Li Contact : 15356158680 : limingquan@w kzq.com.cn [T able_PicQuote] Sector Performance 2021/10/11 Source:Wind, Juyuan [T able_DocReport] Correlative Research  Overviews Our tw o major judgments on the Automotive Battery: spiral performance improvement & inverted cone-shaped application adoption. Automotive Battery is the heart of new energy vehicles, accounting f or 30%-40% of the entire vehicle costs. At present, there is still broad space to improve the battery perf ormance, and w e expect a spiral perf ormance improvement. The electrochemical system needs to consider energy and pow er density, cycle lif e, safety, etc., theref ore a rather diversif ied product line w ill be needed f or automotive batteries according to dif f erentiated travelling scenarios. Besides, benef iting f rom technology upgrades and improvements, the capability of the lithium-ion battery w ill constantly expand, w hich will create brand new energy storage applications and markets. That w ill bring about an inverted cone-shaped adoption pattern, and w ill eventually replace the f ossil energy consumption w orld-wide. The m ajor roadmap is to increase the specific energy, driving by the gradual upgrades of battery m aterials, and evolving from liquid to solid state battery. 1) Throughout the process of electrif ication, increasing energy density is the main route of global technological development, and electrochemistry is characterized by gradual innovation. 2) Lithium is the lightest metal and it has the low est standard electrode potential. The theoretical specif ic energy of the lithium battery system is closest to f ossil f uels and is the most suitable f or EV application, theref ore it is set to be the long-term mainstream choice. 3) The development direction of the positive electrode is high nickel, rich lithium, and high voltage. At the current stage, it is particularly urgent to improve the perf ormance of the positive electrode: on the one hand, the Ternary w ill be high nickel and low cobalt in the short term. 270mAh/g or 5V advanced cathodes are expected to achieve the goal of 400Wh/kg in the f uture; on the other hand, f or LiFePO4 cathode, the development of LiMnxFe1-xPO4 cathode can increase the voltage. 4) The main development direction of the negative electrode is low-cost and high specif ic capacity; carbon anode is expected to exist as a matrix material f or a long time, and silicon w