测量和预测的对流层传输损耗长期分布

U.S.DEPARTMENT OFCOMMERCEMauriceH.Stans,Secretary OFFICEOFTELECOMMUNICATIONSArmigG.Kandoian, Director INSTITUTEFOR TELECOMMUNICATION SCIENCESRichardC.Kirby, Director TELECOMMUNICATIONSResearchandEngineeringReport16 MEASUREDAND PREDICTED LONG-TERMDISTRIBUTIONSOF TROPOSPHERICTRANSMISSIONLOSS A.G.LONGLEYR.K.REASONERV.L.FULLERINSTITUTEFOR TELECOMMUNICATION SCIENCESBoulder,Colorado80302 ForsalebytheSuperintendentof Documents,U.S.GovernmentPrintingOffice, Washington, D.C.20402Price$2.75 TABLEOF CONTENTS INTRODUCTIONMEASUREDVALUES OF TRANSMISSIONLOSSPREDICTEDVALUES OF TRANSMISSIONLOSSTERRAINPROFILESAND CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTIONSPart1Part2Part3Line-of-SightPathsDiffractionPaths2.1Singleisolated-horizonpaths2.2Doubleisolated-horizonpaths2.3Commonhorizonpaths2.4TranshorizonpathsForwardScatter PathsSUMMARYACKNOWLEDGMENTSREFERENCESTABLESTable1Table2PropagationPath Locations andPeriods ofRecordingPropagationPath Parameters,BasicTransmissionLoss,and Predicted Medians124568891010101315161727 LISTOF FIGURES PART1.Line-of-Sight Paths FigureLocationPathNo. A.UnitedStates l.l1.21.31.41.51.61.71.81.9l.10l.11l.12l.13l.14Clausento Eglin,FlaClausento Eglin,FlaCouplandTower to Eglin,FlaCouplandTower to Eglin,FlaWagnerto Eglin,FlaWagnerto Eglin,FlaCheyenneMtnStoKendrick,ColoCheyenneMtnStoKendrick,ColoGeorgiaTechto Mt Oglethorpe,GaGeorgiaTechto Mt Oglethorpe,GaCheyenneMtnS toKarval,ColoCheyenneMtnStoKarval,ColoCheyenneMtnS toKarval,ColoPikesPeak toGunBarrel Hill,Colo266,199,292,187'188189to 191192,193194to196197'1981800,1801250,270290,310449447,448252,272311to 313267to 298299,300 B.UnitedKingdom l.15l.16l.17l.18l.19l.201.21l.22l.23l.24CrystalPalace toKingswoodCrystalPalace toKingswoodThrockingto StanmoreCrystalPalace to CavershamHoughamtoJaywickPontopPike to DishforthDouglas,Isle ofManto Holyhead,WalesHolmeMoss toArncliffe WoodSanday,OrkneyIs toScousburgh,ShetlandIsWinterHill to Douglas,Isle ofMan21972198,221421342090,197821292100213621372168,21692075,2151 C.Japan 1.25l.26l.271.281.29SeburiyamatoItazukeZamato HakoneTokyotoKogaTokyotoUtsunomiyaSofutoSeburiyama224422392259,22602261,22622243 FigureLocationPathNo. D.WestGermany l.301.311. 3 21.331.341.351.36l.37MellumPlateto BremerhavenFeldbergto DarmstadtBambachto DarmstadtBambachto DarmstadtFeldberg/Taunusto DonnersbergBaden-Badento DarmstadtHornisgrindeto DarmstadtHornisgrindeto Darmstadt2370235824442445,244623892350to 2355,23782363,2364,2441,24422365,2366,2440,2443 1594 ParnistoChios,Greece PART2.DiffractionPaths 2. 1SingleIsolatedObstacle A.UnitedStates 2.12.22.3Sacramentoto Livermore,CalifSanDiegotoSantaAna,CalifBeulahto Table Mesa,Colo2200319to321 B.UnitedKingdom 2.42. 52.62.72.82.92.102.112.12Wrothamto CavershamSuttonGoldfieldto MursleySuttonGoldfieldto MursleyDaventryto TeddingtonBlaenPlwyf,Wales to Holyhead,WalesSuttonGoldfieldto GreenHaileySuttonGoldfieldto GreenHaileyCrystalPalace toStowonthe WoldWinterHillto Newtownards,Ire20912201,2202.1984,2025,2028205721402116to21192121,2122,212419982155 2.132.14Sofuto Iwakuni,JapanFeldburg/Schwarzwald,W Ger h Savona,Italy22421536 FigureLocationPathNo. 2.2 Double IsolatedObstacle 2.152.162.172.182.192.202.212.222.232.242.252.262.272.282.292.302.312.322.332.342.352.36A.UnitedStatesSanFranciscoto Livermore,CalifAtlantato Adairsville,GaSacramentoto Livermore,CalifSanDiegoto SantaAna,CalifBlacktailCanyontoEloy,ArizBlacktailCanyontoEloy,ArizFresnoto Livermore,CalifSeattle,Washto Portland,OreB.UnitedKingdomCrystalPalace toMursleyCrystalPalace to OxfordCrystalPalace to BanburyCroydonto BanburyWinterHillto Ballywalter,IreC.JapanFuchuto ZamaDraketo ZamaKokubunjito Asao2.3 CommonHorizon,not isolatedA.UnitedStatesAtlantatoForsyth,GaCheyenneMtn Bto Karval,ColoGheyenneMtnS to Haswell,ColoCheyenneMtnSto Haswell,ColoB.OtherMendleshamto Peterborough,EngDonnersbergtoFeldberg/Schwarzwald,W Ger2.0191'966661702,17031712,17131671979,220021611996,216221722153223722382250,225192332,3 52,3 72254,274294,31421072391 2.4Transhorizon DiffractionPaths A.UnitedStates 2.372.382.392.402.412.422.432.442.452.46Youngstownto Hudson,OhioYoungstownto Hudson,Ohit>FtCarsontoKendrick,ColoCheyenneMtnB toKendrick,ColoCheyenneMtnB to Kendrick,ColoAtlantato Forsyth,GaRochestertoIthaca,·N YFtCarsontoKarval,ColoSanAntonio to Austin,TexasHartford,Connto Millis,Mass5639390330350,370971606,1609,161039221to 2360 2.472.482.492.502.512.522.53Wilmington,Delato Laurel,MdFtCarsonto Haswell,ColoReading,Pato Laurel,MdCheyenneMtnB to Haswell,ColoCheyenneMtnB to Haswell,ColoCheyenneMtnS toSheridan Lake,ColoPikesPeak to Sheridan Lake,Colo208,22839434334354,374262,302425 B.UnitedKingdom 2.542.552.562.572.582.592.602.612.622.63CrystalPalace toGreat BaddowCrystalPalace to Manningtree2215,2223,22241980Sanday,OrkneyIs to Scousburgh,ShetlandIs2170,21711997220920932208209519992167CrystalPalace to ShrivenhamChillertonDownto Alderney,ChannelIsPeterboroughto CavershamStocklandHill to Alderney,ChannelIsSuttonGoldfieldto CavershamCrystalPalace to Aldeburg2092,2094,WidefordH