衡量跨境数据流的价值

Prepared bythe Economics and Statistics Administration and the National Telecommunications and Information Administration Foreword Here at the Department of Commerce, we recognize that global digital interconnectedness has allowed forsignificant advances in economic activity. New technologies allow for vast amounts of data and digitalinformation to flow between countries. Our citizens’ ability to understand the world is enhanced by accessto information, travel, and digital interaction with people and businesses in other countries. Digital flowsof data between countries represent value added to an economy and can contribute to economic growththrough trade and other cross-border transactions among both consumers and businesses. Led by this conviction, our Department has made the digital economy and data important priorities in itsStrategic Plan for Fiscal Years 2014-2018. The Department’s efforts have resulted in substantialimprovements in how we manage, optimize, and enable public access to the vast treasures of data producedevery minute of every day. From weather data to measurement of U.S. economic activity, the Departmentleads the world in producing government datathat helps communities, businesses, citizens, andpolicymakers inform their decisions, foster innovation, and support job creation and economic growth.Secretary Pritzker has led the Department’s digital economyagenda through her tireless promotion of a freeand open Internet, trust, including privacy and security, access and skills, and innovation. The following report, Measuring the Value of Cross-Border Data Flows, provides a helpful summary ofcurrent methods being utilized to define and measure these flows as well as the challenges associated withsuch measurement. The report provides an important assessment of the research on data flowsmeasurement and how regulations and transparency can influence the estimation of the value attached tothese data flows. Finally, the report provides six recommendations regarding next steps the Departmentand the private sector can undertake to improve the economic measurement and analysis of cross-borderdata flows. Given that these public assets are valuable in fostering innovation, creating jobs, and driving betterdecisions—both by businesses and policymakers—we expect that there will be significant support for thisin the years ahead. Indeed, one of the hallmarks of the U.S. economy will continue to be our leadership inopen data to support innovation and economic growth for all. Keeping the data highways open, andmeasuring these flows, can only heighten this success in the future. Ellen Hughes-CromwickChief EconomistU.S. Department of CommerceEconomics and Statistics Administration Alan DavidsonDirector of Digital Economy U.S. Department of CommerceNational Telecommunications andInformation Administration Acknowledgements National Telecommunicationsand Information Administration Economics and StatisticsAdministration Jessica R. NicholsonEconomist Giulia McHenryChief Economist The authors would like to thankthe following persons who provided comments,suggestions, and other contributions to this report: Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)Sally Thompson, DeputyDirector Economics and StatisticsAdministration (ESA)Ellen Hughes-Cromwick, Chief Economist,Department of CommerceRob Rubinovitz, Deputy Chief Economist Erich Strassner, Associate Director forIndustry EconomicsThomas Howells, Chief, Industry AnalysisDivisionDavid Wasshausen, Chief, Industry SectorDivisionJon Samuels, Research EconomistPaul Farello, Chief, Balance of PaymentsDivisionPatricia Abaroa, Chief, Direct InvestmentDivisionRaymond Mataloni, Assistant Chief,Research and AnalysisDan Yorgason, Chief, Methodology andSpecial Studies Branch National Telecommunications andInformation Administration (NTIA)Alan Davidson, Director of Digital EconomyJohn Morris, Associate Administrator andDirector of Internet PolicyFiona Alexander,Associate AdministratorJuliana Gruenwald,Acting DirectorWinter Casey, Senior Policy AdvisorJonah Hill,Telecommunication PolicySpecialistEdward Carlson, Policy AnalystStephen Yusko, Public Affairs SpecialistAlec Pallin, InternCeleste Chen, InternChasel Lee, Intern United States InternationalTrade Commission (USTIC)Martha S. Lawless, Chief, Services Division,Office of Industries Office of the UnitedStatesTrade Representative (USTR)Edward Gresser, AssistantUnited StatesTrade Representativefor Trade Policy andEconomicsFay Johnson, Senior International Economist,Trade Policy and Economics McKinsey Global Institute (MGI)James Manyika, DirectorSree Ramaswamy, Senior Fellow Progressive Policy Institute (PPI)Michael Mandel, Chief Economic Strategist Executive Summary The Internet hastransformed how Americans live, work, and play. It has connected people around theworld in new ways through data that flows seamlessly across borders. Businesses rely on cross-border dataflows to access markets and interact with customers acr