Morocco's solar energy market is undergoing a significant transformation, shifting from a CSP-dominated model to a PV-centric one with a growing emphasis on green hydrogen. The Noor Ouarzazate CSP complex, while mature, is facing operational challenges and economic pressures from the more cost-effective CSP-to-PV+BESS pivot. This shift is driven by the success of the Noor Midelt II/III project, which secured the lowest utility-PV tariff in Moroccan history at MAD 0.3245/kWh.
Installed Capacity: As of end-2025, Morocco's installed solar capacity stands at 1,819 MW, comprising 1,285 MW of utility-scale PV and 534 MW of CSP. The gap between ANRE/ONEE and IRENA's PV statistics will close with the commissioning of Noor Atlas and Noor Midelt II/III.
Supply-Side Analysis:
- CSP: The Noor Ouarzazate complex, the world's largest CSP facility, is facing operational fatigue, with Noor Ouarzazate III undergoing a significant outage and repair. No new CSP capacity has been procured, indicating a deliberate shift away from this technology.
- Utility PV: The pipeline through 2031 includes the Noor Atlas program, the remaining Noor Midelt I hybrid ramp-up, and the newly awarded Noor Midelt II/III project. The capex composition for utility PV is approximately USD 700/kWp, with modules accounting for around 30% of the cost.
- Offre Maroc: The government's green-H2 framework has reserved land for six projects across five investors, representing USD 32.5 billion in announced investment. However, FID timing is dependent on EU off-taker certainty and market conditions, with only two projects expected to reach FID by 2027.
Demand-Side Analysis:
- Domestic Load: Moroccan electricity demand is projected to grow at 3.5-4% per annum, reaching about 51 TWh by 2031. The 2025 ONEE Equipment Plan aims to add 4.3 GW of dedicated green-H2 feedstock RE and 4.0 GW of grid-connected RE by end-2027.
- EU Export: The rejection of the Xlinks interconnector project by the UK government has shifted export focus towards existing interconnections with Spain and the development of green-H2/NH3 export infrastructure at Moroccan ports.
- Green Molecules: The EU's CBAM, RFNBO, and the Hydrogen Bank are creating demand for Moroccan green hydrogen and ammonia. Moroccan logistics advantages position its green-NH3 as competitive at the EU port gate by 2028.
Pricing and Cost Dynamics:
- Utility PV: Moroccan utility-PV LCOE is competitive, ranging between USD 28-32/MWh, with the ACWA Power Noor Midelt II/III bid setting a benchmark for future tenders.
- Green Hydrogen: The LCOH for Moroccan green hydrogen is projected to fall from USD 4.50-5.50/kg in 2026 to USD 2.50/kg by 2030, driven by technological advancements and scale economies.
- Wheeling and Bilateral PPA: Law 40-19 has enabled corporate off-takers to access the MV grid, with ANRE setting wheeling tariffs. Bilateral PPAs with industrial off-takers are becoming increasingly attractive due to competitive pricing.
Scenarios:
- Bear Case (25% probability): Only 2 Offre Maroc projects reach FID by 2030, with aggregate solar capacity reaching 5.5 GW.
- Base Case (50% probability): 4 Offre Maroc projects reach FID by 2030, with aggregate solar capacity reaching 8.2 GW.
- Bull Case (25% probability): 4 Offre Maroc projects reach FID by 2027, with the second Spain interconnection reaching FID in 2026, and aggregate solar capacity reaching 11.5 GW.
Technology and Innovation Trends:
- CSP: The CSP sector is transitioning to a managed decline, with focus shifting to operations and maintenance.
- Green Hydrogen: The green-hydrogen technology stack is consolidating, with Moroccan deployment focusing on alkaline electrolyzers and salt-cavern storage.
- Digitalisation and Desert Performance: AI-driven O&M and desert performance optimisation are becoming increasingly important to improve yield in high-irradiance sites.
Regulatory and Policy Context:
- Law 40-19: This law has opened the MV grid to private producers and formalised origin certificates for renewable electricity.
- Offre Maroc: The government framework has pre-selected five investors and six projects for green-H2/NH3 development.
- Law 82-21: This law creates a legal framework for self-consumption, with a national grid-hosting cap of 3,886 MW.
- UHV Transmission: The Boujdour-Tensift UHV transmission line is crucial for evacuating southern-province solar generation.
Competitive Landscape:
- Operators: ACWA Power and Nareva are the leading operators, followed by Engie, EDF Renewables, and others.
- DFI Support: Development finance institutions have committed approximately EUR 1.1 billion in concessional capital.
Risks and Weaknesses:
- Offre Maroc FID Slippage: The success of the green-hydrogen pipeline is dependent on EU off-taker demand and FDI support.
- Boujdour-Tensift UHV Delay: The delay in the UHV transmission line will impact the development of southern-province solar projects.
- Spain Interconnection Delay: The delay in the third Spain interconnection will affect export capacity.
- CSP Operational Fatigue: The aging of the CSP fleet could lead to increased operating costs.
- Water Stress: Droughts and water scarcity could impact CSP and electrolyzer operations.
Recommendations:
- IPP Developers and Investors: Bid into the Boujdour-Tensift UHV pre-qualification, participate in ONEE-led utility-PV tenders, and consider Offre Maroc consortium opportunities.
- Project-Finance Lenders and DFIs: Anticipate concentrated financing demand from Offre Maroc projects and price wheeling tariff revision risk into PPA structures.
- EU Off-Takers: Structure offtake commitment letters for green-NH3 from Moroccan supply and engage early in bunkering and salt-cavern infrastructure development.
内容
1 方法论与范围......................................................................................
1.1 受众与分析权重61.2 地理分类法71.3 数据来源和单位71.4 将此研究与eFinancialModels模板相结合81.5 AI工具披露8
2 当今行业
2.1 按支柱划分的装机容量92.2 区域集中与电网分类102.3 从CSP到光伏+储能的转换11
12
3 供给侧分析
3.1 Noor项目各站点性能123.2 公共事业光伏管道漏斗至2031年133.3 摩洛哥FID准备情况评分卡143.4 配电光伏资本支出构成................................................................................................15
4 需求侧分析........................................................................................
4.1 国内负荷与ONEE设备计划164.2 欧盟出口 — 西班牙互联,Xlinks邻近,H2走廊……174.3 CBAM、RFNBO和氢能银行共同推动……184.4 按端口分配的氢气需求19
5.1 公共事业光伏度电成本及同行基准205.2 绿氢平准化度曲线215.3 滚动与双边PPA经济学(依据第40-19号法律)22
六、三种情景——2026年至2031年......................................................................
6.1 最坏情况(25%概率)236.2 基准情况(50%概率)246.3 牛市情况(25%概率)24
7 科技与创新趋势....................................................................................
7.2 绿氢堆栈——电解槽、脱盐、盐穴267.3 数字化、AI运维、沙漠性能26
8 监管与政策背景
8.1 法律40-19和ANRE轮换关税278.2 摩洛哥框架协议和投资章程288.3 法律82-21和法令2.25.100(自用)288.4 采购决策——Noor Midelt II/III、Noor Atlas、UHV29
9.1 运营商评分卡309.2 摩洛哥联合体结构投标方案319.3 DFI和优惠融资工具图31
最佳实践与创新基准(第32页)
11 风险与劣势.......................................................................................
12 条建议与机遇.....................................................................................
12.1 对于IPP开发商和项目投资者3412.2 对于项目融资贷款人和开发金融机构3512.3 对于欧盟购买方和政治风险预警35
......................................................................................................................4114 术语表...........................................................................................附录B——快速参考行动检查清单.......................................................................13 来源.............................................................................................附录A—定价模型假设(基本情况).................................................................39附录 C — 声明
执行摘要
摩洛哥以一个经过三年根本性重组的三支柱太阳能经济,迈入了2026至2031年的发展视野。第一支柱——2016至2018年投运的510兆瓦总装机容量的努尔奥拉扎特聚光太阳能发电(CSP)综合体——已达到运营成熟期,但也出现了运营疲劳:150兆瓦配备7小时熔盐储能的努尔奥拉扎特三号太阳能塔,在经历了14个月的停运和5100万美元的维修后,于2024年底重新投入运营,而王国在此期间未采购新的CSP装机容量。第二支柱——大型光伏(PV)——已成为主力技术,已超越CSP:截至2025年底的光伏装机容量达到1285兆瓦(根据ANRE/ONEE数据,而非IRENA滞后统计的546兆瓦),努尔阿特拉斯305兆瓦六站点项目正在建设中,目标竣工时间为2027年第三季度,努尔米德尔特二、三期项目(每项包含2×400兆瓦光伏+602兆瓦时储能系统)于2025年8月授予ACWA Power-Nareva联合体,加权平均电价为每千瓦时0.3245摩洛哥迪拉姆——约合每兆瓦时32美元,是撒哈拉以南非洲有史以来的最低电价。第三支柱——根据2024年3月“摩洛哥机遇计划”框架下的绿色氢和绿色氨——已从概念阶段进入具有约束力的土地预留合同阶段:五个投资者(ORNX、TAQA-Cepsa、Nareva、ACWA Power、UEAG-CTG)参与的六个项目,代表325亿美元已宣布投资,其中TotalEnergies/哥本哈根基础设施合作伙伴/A.P. Møller“Chbika 1”项目于2024年10月在盖尔米姆-乌德努恩省签署,作为主要旗舰项目。
战略格局呈现非对称性。2025年ONEE设备计划将已公布的52%可再生能源份额目标从2030年提前至2027年底,这意味着到2027年将新增约4吉瓦的并网可再生能源,以及4.3吉瓦的专用绿色氢原料可再生能源。英国政府在2025年6月否决了Xlinks 3.6吉瓦高压直流互联项目,虽然移除了一个大型出口锚点,但并未减少潜在的太阳能资源——而是将商业重心通过丹吉尔梅迪、穆罕默迪亚、若夫拉斯法尔和坦坦四个世界银行在2026年1月确定为天然枢纽节点的盐穴储气与加注港口,重新分配至氢气和氨气出口。欧盟2026年1月的碳边界调整机制生效日期以及氢能银行的首次竞争性拍卖,重新评估了摩洛哥绿色氨气相对于沙特阿拉伯(NEOM)、埃及(本 ban / 苏伊士)、智利(阿塔卡马)和澳大利亚(皮尔巴拉)的经济竞争力——EFM基准情景判断从2028年起,在欧盟港口门口具有竞争力。
国内监管管道建设已取得进展。2025年2月发布的ANRE第02/25号决定设定了摩洛哥首个中压电网配电电价(TURD = 5.92 摩纳哥法郎/千瓦时),使法律40-19中关于私营IPP和公司购电方接入中压电网的承诺得以实施。2026年2月ANRE电价套餐最终确定了2026-2027监管期内的过剩购电率(峰值21 摩纳哥法郎/千瓦时,低谷18 摩纳哥法郎/千瓦时)、TURT(6.85 摩纳哥法郎/千瓦时)、TURD(6.07 摩纳哥法郎/千瓦时)和TSS(6.81 摩纳哥法郎/千瓦时)。2026年3月发布的第2.25.100号法令(82-21关于自发电的法律的实施法令)将自发电的国家电网接入容量上限设定为3886兆瓦(其中太阳能占比72%,风能占比28%),这一非同小可的规模将在特定走廊上与大型电站招标竞争有限的输电容量。ONEE布焦尔-坦西夫特1000公里特高压骨干网(预资格预审截止日期为2026年1月,目标投运时间为2029年)是决定南部省份——盖尔米姆、布焦尔、达赫拉——能否将出口规模的可再生能源(如Offre Maroc管道所规划的能源)外送的关键输电资产。
© 2026 eFinancialModels · 版权所有摩洛哥太阳能市场研究 2026–2031对于本研究的主要受众——独立电力生产商(IPP)开发商、项目融资贷款方以及为能源转型提供融资的发展金融机构(DFI)而言,其影响可归纳为三个论点。首先,公用事业光伏(utility-PV)机遇现已是一个受拍卖规则约束的商品市场:ACWA Power的MAD 0.3245 /千瓦时投标价设定了后续招标将趋近的硬性参考价格,而摩洛哥项目的经济性远比竞标技巧更多地取决于资本结构和消纳风险。其次,绿氢/氨(green-H2 / NH3)支柱是一项为期五年的期权价值赌注,而非短期现金流故事:项目可行性研究决策(FID)的时间表取决于欧盟购电方确定性(碳边界调整机制CBAM、可再生能源配额制RFNBO、氢能银行拍卖结果),而经济基础情景(EFM Base Case)判断只有六分之一(即两个)摩洛哥项目能在2027年前完成FID,六分之一(即四个)能在2030年前完成。第三,聚光太阳能(CSP)发电机组属于受控衰退的资产类别——Noor Ouarzazate I、II、III以及Noor Midelt I混合电站(2025–2026年运营爬坡期)的运营与维护合同代表着一个稳态现金流范围,但公开渠道中并无新增绿氢/氨(greenfield CSP)采购项目。
核心要点:摩洛哥太阳能已不再是前沿-聚光太阳能(CSP)故事,而是一个结构化融资光伏(PV)故事,并附加了绿色分子选项。悲观情景(25%概率)预计到2030年仅有两个“摩洛哥计划”(Offre Maroc)项目完成资金投入决策(FID),截至2031年底总太阳能装机量为5.5吉瓦。基准情景(50%概率)预计到2030年六个“摩洛哥计划”项目中将有四个完成FID,截至2031年底总太阳能装机量为8.2吉瓦。乐观情景(25%概率)预计到2027年四个“摩洛哥计划”项目完成FID,西班牙第二座互联工程于2026年完成FID,截至2031年底总太阳能装机量为11.5吉瓦。本研究为开发商、贷款方和欧盟购电方提供了用于该决策空间的、数据详实且来源可验证的分析框架。
关键发现
已安装基础摩洛哥的太阳能装机容量截至2025年底达到1,819兆瓦,其中1,285兆瓦为公用事业规模。•光伏(ANRE/ONEE)加534兆瓦光热发电。国际可再生能源署(IRENA)的统计概况报告显示光伏为546兆瓦,比ONEE晚1-2个报告周期。随着努尔阿特拉斯(305兆瓦,2027年第三季度并网)和努尔米德尔特二/三期(合计800兆瓦,2028年并网)投入运营,这一差距将缩小。
LCOE代表的是“最低可行成本”。拍卖纪律将于2025年到来。ACWA电力–纳雷瓦努尔米德尔特II/III奖项将在MAD揭晓。• 0.3245元/千瓦时(约合32美元/兆瓦时)是有史以来摩洛哥最低的上网电价,其水平与沙特NEOM的13美元/兆瓦时和阿拉伯联合酋长国阿勒夫德拉的16.50美元/兆瓦时相比,差距在15%以内。伍德麦肯兹报告称,到2025年,中东和北非地区平均公用事业光伏度电成本为37美元/兆瓦时——摩洛哥的上网电价现在在结构上低于区域平均水平。
绿色H2摩洛哥绿色-H2管道项目是真实的,但处于分阶段审批阶段。涉及五个项目,共分六个阶段。• 投资者,总额325亿美元(3190亿 MAD),土地储备合同授权时间为2025年9月。FID(最终投资决定)准备情况各异:TotalEnergies / CIP / A.P. Møller“Chbika 1”最为先进(于2024年10月签署);ACWA Power和 TAQA-Cepsa