STEM教育在匈牙利的格局

EUROPEAN COMMISSION Contact:Maria Podlasek-Ziegler E-mail:EAC-UNITE-B2@ec.europa.eu STEM education landscape inHungary Author:Dr. István Vilmos Kovács, in collaboration with the study team Manuscript completed in January 2025 This document has been prepared for the European Commission however it reflects the views only of theauthors, and the European Commission is not liable for any consequence stemming from the reuse of thispublication. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union,2026 © European Union,2026 The reuse policy of European Commission documents is implemented by Commission Decision2011/833/EU of 12December 2011 on the reuse of Commission documents (OJ L330, 14.12.2011, p.39).Unless otherwise noted, the reuse of this document is authorised under a Creative Commons Attribution4.0 International (CCBY4.0) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This means thatreuse is allowed provided appropriate credit is given and any changes are indicated. For any use or reproduction of elements that are not owned by the European Union, permission may needto be sought directly from the respective rightholders. PrintISBN978-92-68-38324-7doi:10.2766/7346191NC-01-26-063-EN-CPDFISBN978-92-68-38323-0doi:10.2766/1055905NC-01-26-063-EN-N Contents 1.Backgroundto the country’s education system and STEMperformance.............................................................................................9 1.1.Structure of the national school education system.................................91.2.Governance of STEM education in Hungary.......................................111.3.Introduction of the country’s performance in STEM education in 2014-2024.....................................................................................................131.3.1.Performance in STEM and diversity........................................................161.3.2.Socio-economic background...................................................................17 2.Overview of the main policy and structural challenges and factorsrelated to STEM education in schools.................................................18 2.1.Policy framework for STEM education in Hungary...............................18 2.2.Overview of the main structural challenges and factors related to STEMeducation in schools............................................................................192.2.1.Overloaded curriculum, early theoretical abstraction, and limited integrationof practical and interdisciplinary approaches...........................................192.2.2.Teacher Shortages in STEM Education in Hungary................................202.2.3.Transitions between education levels in STEM education in Hungary.....222.2.4.School-level capacityand resources to support STEM education in Hungary242.2.5.Infrastructure and educational tools........................................................242.2.6.Extracurricular activities and competitions..............................................252.2.7.Curriculum modernisation.......................................................................262.2.8.Professional Groups and Interdisciplinary Collaboration.........................262.2.9.Leadership Capacity...............................................................................262.2.10.The impact of Covid-19...........................................................................272.2.11.Gender stereotypes and socioeconomic disparities in STEM education inHungary..................................................................................................28 3.Overview of theidentified instruments promoting STEM education 30 3.1.Examples of best practices to support STEM education......................32 4.Recommendations for potential EU interventions..............................40 5.Methodological annex...........................................................................44 5.1.Bibliography.........................................................................................445.2.Listof interviewees..............................................................................45 Thisdocument presents results of country-specific research on science,technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education and its support inHungary. It was prepared in the context of a wider study ‘Promoting STEMeducation in schools’ commissioned by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Education, Youth, Sport and Culture (DG EAC). 1.Background to the country’s education systemand STEM performance 1.1.Structure of the national school education system Hungary’s education system below the tertiary level is structured into three mainstages: early childhood education and care (ECEC), primary and lower secondaryeducation (single-structure system), and upper secondary education. Thesestages align with the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED)levels, ensuring comparability across European educ