东南亚国家联盟数字贸易评论

Digital Trade Reviewof the Associationof Southeast Asian Nations This work is issued under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD, and does not necessarily reflect theofficial views of OECD Member countries. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. ISBN 978-92-64-82280-1 (print)ISBN 978-92-64-52090-5 (PDF)ISBN 978-92-64-51426-3 (HTML) Photo credits:Cover © Pixel-Shot/Shutterstock.com. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found at: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/support/corrigenda.html.© OECD 2026 Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Attribution– you must cite the work.Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of the original work should be considered valid.Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed inthis adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries.Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and forany claims of infringement.You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work.Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shallbe Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Foreword Digitalisationis transforming international trade.By enabling new business models and loweringinformation and transaction costs, it is expanding opportunities for firms and individuals, fundamentallychanging what is traded and how. However, realising the benefits of digitalisation for trade depends on thecapacity of economies to participate effectively and on policy frameworks that foster openness and trustwhile addressing legitimate public policy objectives. The OECD Digital Trade Reviews support governments in making the most of this transformation. Bymapping countries’ participation in digital trade to identify opportunities, and by assessing the regulatoryenvironmentthat enables or constrains further benefits,the Reviews provide an evidence-basedfoundation for policy action. Their ultimate aim is to help governments seize opportunities, managechallenges and trade-offs, and ensure that digital trade works for all. This Digital Trade Review of ASEAN 2026 is composed of five chapters and a country annex. The firstchapter maps the nature and evolution of ASEAN Member States (AMS) participation in digital trade. Thesecond examines the regulatory environment affecting digital trade, benchmarking performance againstother countries and providing recommendations for reforms. The third chapter discusses the importanceof cross-border data flows and the regulatory environment that underpin these. The fourth investigates theeconomic implications of deepening digital trade integration within the region, through the DigitalEconomyFramework Agreement (DEFA), participation in the WTO e-commerce agreement and support to the WTOe-commerce Moratorium. The fifth chapter discusses how ASEAN can best leverage trade policy to enablebenefits from AI. In the Annex, a set of countrysheets with key findings are provided. Contextualnote Timor-Leste joined ASEAN during the final stages of this report and is therefore not covered in this work. Acknowledgements This Review was written by Karin Gourdon, Javier Lopez-Gonzalez, and Ferdinand Scholz of the OECDTradeand Agriculture Directorate,Trade Policy Division(TAD/TPD).The authors would like toacknowledge and thank the following persons for valuable contributions and comments: Chiara DelGiovane, John Drummond, Frederic Gonzales, Laura Kuusela, Armine Manasyan, Ana-Maria Muresan,Julia Nielson, Silvia Sorescu, Vassilis Vouras from TAD/TPD, and Andrea Andrenelli and Cecilia Bellora(TAD/ADM), Cemre Balaban (formerly TAD/TPD), Houssein Guimbard (CEPII), Cuong Ba Tran with team(ASEAN Secretariat’s Trade Facilitation Division), Anne-Katrin Pfister (World Economic Forum), DeviAriyani (Indonesia Services Dialogue Council), and Witada Anukoonwattaka (UN ESCAP). The report alsobenefitted from useful guidance from the participants tothe OECD Working Party of the Trade C