儿童和青少年的屏幕时间与教育成果：一种复杂、多方面的关系

A complex, multifaceted relationship NESET ad hocreport Please cite this publication as: Nett, K. (2025). ‘ScreenTime and Educational Outcomes of Children and Adolescents: A complex, multifacetedrelationship’,NESETad hocreport, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. ABOUT NESET Contractor: NESETis an advisory network of experts working onthe social dimension of education and training.TheEuropeanCommission’sDirectorate-GeneralforEducation and Culture initiated the establishment ofthenetworkasthesuccessortoNESETII(2015-2018),NESSE(2007-2010)andNESET(2011-2014).The Public Policy and ManagementInstitute (PPMI) is responsible for the administrationofthe NESET network.For any inquiries pleasecontact us at: info-neset@ppmi.lt. PPMI, Part of Verian GroupGedimino ave. 50, LT-01110Vilnius,LithuaniaPhone: +370 5 2620338Fax: +370 5 2625410www.ppmi.ltDirector: Haroldas Brožaitis AUTHOR: Katharina Nett,Psychologist & formerpolicyassistant inUnit B2Schools &Multilingualism PEERREVIEWERS: DraganaAvramov,NESETScientificcoordinatorCosminNada,NESET Expert Committeemember LANGUAGEEDITOR: James Nixon,freelance editor REPORTCOORDINATOR: Stéphanie Crêteur,PPMI EUROPEAN COMMISSIONJAMESNIXON,FREELANCE EDITOR Directorate-General for Education, Youth, Sport and CultureDirectorate A—Policy Strategy andEvaluationUnit A.4—Evidence-Based Policy and EvaluationJAMES NIXON, FREELANCE EDITOR E-mail:eac-unite-a4@ec.europa.eu European CommissionB-1049 Brussels Screen Time and EducationalOutcomes of Children andAdolescents A complex, multifaceted relationship Katharina Nett LEGAL NOTICE This document has been prepared for the European Commission however itreflects the views only of the authors, and theEuropean Commission is not liable for any consequence stemming from the reuse of this publication. More information on theEuropean Union is available on the Internet (http://www.europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union,2025 © European Union,2025 The reuse policy of European Commission documents is implemented by the Commission Decision 2011/833/EU of 12 December2011 on the reuse of Commission documents (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). Except otherwise noted, the reuse of this documentisauthorisedunderaCreativeCommonsAttribution4.0International(CC-BY4.0)licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This means that reuse is allowed provided appropriate credit is given and anychanges are indicated. Table of Contents Table of Contents...............................................................................................5Executive summary............................................................................................6Introduction.......................................................................................................7Methodological Note.........................................................................................8Section I: Findings from Reviews........................................................................10Section II: Evidence from Longitudinal Studies.....................................................13Combined and independent influences of lifestyle behaviours..............................13Type of screen time matters............................................................................13Explanatory Power and Third Variables.............................................................14Section III: Potential Underlying Mechanisms.......................................................17Brain Development and Cognitive Functioning...................................................17Executive Function.........................................................................................19Mental Health................................................................................................20Time Displacement........................................................................................21Discussion.......................................................................................................23Age-specific findings......................................................................................23Age-transversal findings.................................................................................23Implications..................................................................................................24The key conclusions and recommendations.......................................................25References......................................................................................................27Annex: Overview of main results........................................................................32 Executive summary In recent decades, the rise of modern technology has made screen use a dailynecessity, exposing even young children to screens and making smartphones ubiquitousamong adolescents. While these innovations offer numerous advantages, concerns havearisenabou