շFor the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025ORնTRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROMTOCommission File Number: 001-39385 RELAY THERAPEUTICS, INC. Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:None Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. YESշNOն Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. YESնNOշ Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90days. YESշNOն Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T(§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). YESշNOն Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerginggrowth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of theExchange Act. Large accelerated filerշNon-accelerated filerն Accelerated filerնSmaller reporting companyնEmerging growth companyն If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revisedfinancial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.ն Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control overfinancial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.շ If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the Registrant included in the filing reflectthe correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.ն Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of theRegistrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).ն Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YESնNOշ The aggregate market value of common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant based on the closing price of the Registrant’s common stock as reported on theNasdaq Global Market on June 30, 2025, the last business day of the Registrant’s most recently completed second quarter, was approximately $585.5 million. Indetermining the market value of non-affiliate common stock, shares of the Registrant’s common stock beneficially owned by officers, directors and affiliates have beenexcluded. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.The number of shares of Registrant’s Common Stock outstanding as of February 20, 2026 was 178,725,809. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE The Registrant intends to file a definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A relating to the 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders within 120 days of the endof the registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2025. Portions of such definitive proxy statement are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report onForm 10-K to the extent stated herein. Table of Contents PART I Item 1.Business4Item 1A.Risk Factors31Item 1B.Unresolved Staff Comments74Item 1C.Cybersecurity75Item 2.Properties75Item 3.Legal Proceedings75Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures76 PART II Item 5.Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities77Item 6.[Reserved]78Item 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations79Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk90Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data91Item 9.Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure91Item 9A.Controls and Procedures91Item 9B.Other Information94Item 9C.Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections94 PART IIIItem 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance95Item 11.Executive Compensation95Item 12.Security Ownership o