For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024OR☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROMTOCommission File Number: 001-39385RELAY THERAPEUTICS, INC. Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:None Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. YES☐NO☒ Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90days. YES☒NO☐ Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T(§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). YES☒NO☐ Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerginggrowth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of theExchange Act. Large accelerated filer☒Non-accelerated filer☐ Accelerated filer☐Smaller reporting company☐Emerging growth company☐ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revisedfinancial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.☐ Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control overfinancial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.☒ If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the Registrant included in the filing reflectthe correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.☐ Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of theRegistrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).☐ Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YES☐NO☒ The aggregate market value of common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant based on the closing price of the Registrant’s common stock as reported on theNasdaq Global Market on June 30, 2024, the last business day of the Registrant’s most recently completed second quarter, was approximately $859.3 million. Indetermining the market value of non-affiliate common stock, shares of the Registrant’s common stock beneficially owned by officers, directors and affiliates have beenexcluded. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.The number of shares of Registrant’s Common Stock outstanding as of February 21, 2025 was 169,521,849. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE The Registrant intends to file a definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A relating to the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders within 120 days of the endof the registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. Portions of such definitive proxy statement are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report onForm 10-K to the extent stated herein. Table of Contents PART I Item 1.BusinessItem 1A.Risk FactorsItem 1B.Unresolved Staff CommentsItem 1C.CybersecurityItem 2.PropertiesItem 3.Legal ProceedingsItem 4.Mine Safety Disclosures PART II Item 5.Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities76Item 6.[Reserved]77Item 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations78Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk90Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data90Item 9.Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure90Item 9A.Controls and Procedures90Item 9B.Other Information93Item 9C.Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections93 PART IIIItem 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance94Item 11.Executive Compensation94Item 12.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters94Item 13.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director