2024年世界核电厂运行实绩报告

Contents Preface3 1.Nuclear industry performance4 2.Case studiesReturning Palisades to service14KHNP targets long-term operation16Second phase of uprates at Dukovany18 3.Country pages20 5.Director General’s concluding remarks58 Background information59 Abbreviations60 Geographical categories60 Further reading60 Title: World Nuclear Performance Report 2024Produced by: World Nuclear AssociationPublished: August 2024Report No. 2024/003 Cover image: ČEZ World Nuclear Association is grateful to theInternational Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) foraccess to its Power Reactor Information System (PRIS)database, used in the preparation of this report. Country Pages data correct as of 31 July 2024. © 2024 World Nuclear Association.Registered in England and Wales,company number 01215741 This report reflects the viewsof industry experts but does notnecessarily represent thoseof World Nuclear Association’sindividual member organizations. Preface In 2023, the global nuclear fleet continued its excellent performance. Nucleargeneration supplied more than 2600 TWh, up 58 TWh from 2022, andgenerating 9% of the world's electricity. This increase was partly due to thereturn to service of French reactors after extended outages, contributing anadditional 42 TWh. The increase in generation is despite a 1 GWe drop inoverall capacity, to 392 GWe, of operable nuclear power plants. The average capacity factor of nuclear reactors increased by 1%, reaching81.5% in 2023, highlighting the reliability delivered by nuclear energy to thegrid. Nuclear energy remains the most reliable means of supplying cleanenergy to the grid. Nuclear reactors have consistently achieved over 80%capacity factors for the past 20 years. Sama Bilbao y LeónDirector GeneralWorld Nuclear Association Nuclear reactors helped avoid 2.1 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions in2023 from equivalent coal generation - that's more than the annual emissionsof almost every individual country, with only China, India, and the USA havinghigher national CO2emissions. This edition of the World Nuclear Performance Report continues the trend ofanalyzing generation by the ages of nuclear reactors in each country, showingthe excellent performance of nuclear reactors, regardless of age. The casestudies illustrate ongoing efforts to generate more electricity from the nuclearfleet, including Holtec’s work to return Palisades in the USA to service, KHNP’sextension of the operating lifetimes of 10 units in South Korea, and ČEZ’suprating of the power output at the Dukovany and Temelin plants in Czechia. However, lifetime extensions or restarting shuttered reactors are not substitutesfor new builds, particularly as global energy demand continues to rise. At theCOP28 climate change conference in Dubai, UAE, in December 2023, 25countries signed a declaration with the goal of tripling global nuclear capacityby 2050. Achieving this goal will require a significant increase in new nuclearconstruction. In 2023, five reactors were shut down, while five reactors were connected to thegrid across a diverse set of countries: one each in China, Slovakia, the USA,Belarus, and South Korea. Vogtle 3, the first nuclear power plant to start andcomplete construction in more than 40 years in the USA, was connected to thegrid and began serving customers in 2023, with Vogtle 4 following this year. Five out of a total of six new construction starts in 2023 were in China, withtheother being in Egypt. In Asia, there has been a sustained and significantincrease in nuclear generation over the last decade. Of the total 64 reactorsunder construction today, more than two-thirds are in Asia, with 30 reactorsunder construction in China alone. Eastern Europe and Russia are second toAsia in terms of the number of units under construction. While more concerted efforts are needed to rapidly increase carbon-freegeneration to meet global decarbonization goals, nuclear energy is now beingrecognized across an ever-growing number of countries as a reliable answer tothe world’s demand for clean, secure and affordable energy. 1Nuclear industryperformance 1.1 Global highlights Nuclear reactors generated a total of 2602 TWh of electricity in 2023, up 58 TWh from 2544 TWh in 2022, but still down 51TWh on the 2653 TWh generated in 2021. A key contributor to the recovery in 2023 was the 42 TWh increase in generationin France, recovering around half of the reduction in output that was caused by extended outages the previous year. In 2023 the end-of-year capacity of operable nuclear power plants was 392GWe, down one gigawatt on 2022. This includes 20 GWe of capacity in Japanand less than 1 GWe capacity in India where the status is categorized as'Suspended Operation' by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The total number of operable reactors at the end of 2023 was 437, unchangedfrom 2022. The total capacity of reactors that produced electricity in 2023 was 368 GWe, up 3 GWe on 2022. In addition to t