能源和人工智能的关键问题

INTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCY The IEA examines thefull spectrumof energy issuesincluding oil, gasand coal supply anddemand, renewableenergy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand sidemanagement andmuch more. Throughits work, the IEAadvocates policiesthat will enhance thereliability, affordabilityand sustainability ofenergy in its32Membercountries,13Associationcountries andbeyond. IEA Membercountries: IEAAccessioncountries: AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited States ChileColombiaCosta RicaIsraelBrazilRomania IEAAssociationcountries: ArgentinaChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraineViet Nam Please note that thispublication is subject tospecific restrictions that limitits use and distribution. Theterms and conditions areavailableonline at www.iea.org/terms This publication,as well asany dataandmap includedherein,are without prejudiceto the status of orsovereignty over anyterritory, to the delimitationof international frontiers andboundaries and to the nameof any territory, city or area. The EuropeanCommission alsoparticipates in thework of the IEA Source: IEA.International Energy AgencyWebsite: www.iea.org This report was designed and directed byLaura Cozzi, Director for Sustainability, Technologyand Outlooks, of the International Energy Agency (IEA), in co-operation with otherdirectorates and offices in the IEA. The lead authors and co-ordinators of the report wereThomas SpencerandSiddharth Singh. The lead authors of the analysis were:Davide D'Ambrosio(data centre demand andefficiency),Yasmine Arsalane(GDP analysis),James Bragg(financial and investmentanalysis),Julie Dallard(onsite power),Inhoi Heo(geospatial analysis),Vincent Jacamon(data centre demand modelling),Martin Kueppers(GDP analysis),Brieuc Nerincx(electricityprices),Quentin Paletta(geospatial analysis),Hans-Kristian Ringkjob(electricity prices),Vera O’Riordan(barriers to AI uptake),Nicholas Salmon(physical AI),Max Schoenfisch(onsite power),Ryota Taniguchi(power procurement), and Brent Wanner(electricitysystems). Other contributors were Paul Barraqué, Eren Çam, Bruno Idini, Jiahn Kim, NikolaosPapastefanakis, and David Wilkinson. Julia Horowitzcarried editorial responsibility.Adam Majoewas the copy-editor.WonjikYangandIrina Paunled on graphic design.Dylan Marecakprovided essential support. Valuable comments and feedback were provided by members of senior management andother colleagues within the IEA. In particular, Stephanie Bouckaert, Alessandro Blasi, TimGould, Timur Gül, Brian Motherway, Maria Sicilia, Dan Wetzel. Essential support was provided by the IEA’s Communications and Digital Office, notablyJethro Mullen, Julia Horowitz, Astrid Dumond, Sam Tarling, Rob Stone, and Lucile Wall. IEA’sOffice of the Legal Counsel, Office of Management and Administration and Energy DataCentre provided assistance throughout the preparation of the report. The report also benefited from analysis on the impact of AI on productivity and GDP growthfrom the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Valuable data,comments, and insights were provided by Peter Gal, Katharina Laengle, Francesco Filippucciand Matthias Schief in the Structural Policy and Research Division of the EconomicsDepartment of the OECD. Peer reviewers Many senior government officials and international experts provided input and reviewedpreliminary drafts of the report. Their comments and suggestions were of great value. Theyinclude: Hitachi EnergyGE VernovaTennetNatural Resources Canada Harmeet BawaLisa BerryJohannes BohnerAlexandre Catta Christina ChristopoulouVlad CoroamaHélène Costa de BeauregardMinistry for Ecological Transition, Biodiversity, and This work reflects the views of the International Energy Agency Secretariat but does notnecessarily reflect those of individual IEA Member countries or of any particular funder,supporter or collaborator. Neither the IEA nor any funder, supporter or collaborator thatcontributed to this work, makes any representation or warranty, express or implied, inrespect of its contents, including its completeness or accuracy, and shall not be responsiblefor any use of, or reliance on, the work. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of orsovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundariesand to the name of any territory, city or area. Comments and questions are welcome and should be addressed to: Laura Cozzi Directorate of Sustainability, Technology and OutlooksInternational Energy Agency9, rue de la Fédération75739 Paris Cedex 15France E-mail: EnergyAI@iea.org Acknowledgements....................................................................