2026年英国人工智能（AI）监管报告的研究

Research Briefing31 March 2026By Elizabeth Rough AI regulation in the UK Summary1An introduction to artificial intelligence2UK Government policy and regulation3Further reading on UK regulation of AI and UK AI policy DisclaimerThe Commons Library does not intend the information in our research publications and briefings to address the specific circumstances of anyparticular individual. We have published it to support the work of MPs. Youshould not rely upon it as legal or professional advice, or as a substitute forit. We do not accept any liability whatsoever for any errors, omissions ormisstatements contained herein. You should consult a suitably qualifiedprofessional if you require specific advice or information. Read our briefing ‘Legal help: where to go and how to pay’ for further information aboutsources of legal advice and help. This information is provided subject to theconditions of the Open Parliament Licence.Sources and subscriptions for MPs and staff We try to use sources in our research that everyone can access, butsometimes only information that exists behind a paywall or via a subscriptionis available. We provide access to many online subscriptions to MPs andparliamentary staff, please contacthoclibraryonline@parliament.ukor visitcommonslibrary.parliament.uk/resourcesfor more information. FeedbackEvery effort is made to ensurethat the information contained in these publicly available briefings is correct at the time of publication. Readers should be If you have any comments on our briefings please emailpapers@parliament.uk. Please note that authors are not always able to engage in discussions with members of the public who express opinionsabout the content of our research, although we will carefully consider andcorrect any factual errors. You can read our feedback and complaints policy and our editorial policy atcommonslibrary.parliament.uk.If you have general questions about the workof the House of Commons emailhcenquiries@parliament.uk. Contents Summary4 1An introduction to artificial intelligence 6 1.1What is artificial intelligence?61.2Further Reading8 2UK Government policy and regulation11 2.1Conservative governments, 2021 to 2024112.2Labour government: AI regulation132.3Labour government: AI policy152.4Stakeholder commentary on AI regulation in the UK212.5European legislation and treaties22 3Further reading on UK regulation of AI and UK AI policy24 3.5Commentary on UK government’s AI policy and regulation26 Summary This briefing provides an introduction to artificial intelligence (AI) and how itis regulated in the UK. Information on AI safety, and making sure that AI systems operate in waysthat benefit humans, rather than causing harm, can be found in a separate What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence (AI) can take many different forms and there is no single,universally agreed definition. The term is frequently used as a shorthand torefer to technologies that perform the types of cognitive functions typically To perform these types of functions, AI systems generally rely on vastquantities of data. This data may be ‘structured’ (such as financial recordsstored in a fixed format) or ‘unstructured’ (including images, videos and text Both structured and unstructured data can be used to ‘train’ AI so that it canrecognise patterns and correlations. This is achieved by the AI systemapplying rules (algorithms), based on the training dataset, to interpret new ‘Machine learning’ describes the process by which AI systems improve theirperformance without being explicitly programmed. Deep learning is a form ofmachine learning inspired by the structure of the human brain. It underpinstechnologies such as voice and image recognition and supports ‘foundationmodels’, including large language models (LLMs). LLMs are trained on verylarge datasets, mainly comprising text, and can generate or interpret AI can be categorised in several ways. Narrow AI performs specific tasks,such as speech recognition, and cannot adapt to undertake different tasks.Generative AI has more sophisticated capabilities than narrow AI: it cancreate new content, such as text and images, by learning statistical patternsin data. Agentic AI goes further by making autonomous decisions and taking UK Government legislation and policy on AI Sector-specific AI regulation The UK does not have any AI-specific regulation or legislation covering AI as atechnology. Instead, AI is regulated in the context in which it is used, through Some regulators, however, have oversight of the development,implementation and use of AI more broadly. For example, the InformationCommissioner’s Office (the UK’s independent body established to upholdinformation rights) has guidance on its website coveringAI and dataprotectionandexplaining decisions made with AI. The UK also uses 2023 AI white paper The Johnson and Sunak Conservative governments started developing a morecomprehensive regulatory framework for AI. This