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2026从健康印度迈向发达印度：健康投资是印度实现富裕国家的核心要义研究报告

医药生物 2026-03-30 贝恩公司华仔

India's economic growth ambition, "Viksit Bharat" by 2047, is closely tied to improving population health. The country's demographic dividend (2019–53) and potential to become a $30–$40 trillion economy hinge on harnessing health as a core input for productivity and sustained growth. While India has made progress in financial protection, system capacity, and select health outcomes, a high disease burden remains a significant economic constraint, imposing an annual opportunity cost of $0.8–$1.0 trillion due to lower workforce participation and productivity.

Key data highlights:

Health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) has increased from ~50 to 61 years since 1990.
Achieving an additional 10-year gain in HALE (to 70 by 2047) could unlock a fivefold expansion in GDP per capita, contributing 70% towards the $18,000–$20,000 target.
Current health investment is around 3%–4% of GDP, needing to double to 6%–7% to match global peers.

Global evidence shows a strong correlation between health outcomes and economic prosperity. Countries with sustained health investments and higher HALE (exceeding 57 years) experience accelerated GDP per capita growth, with each additional year of HALE yielding approximately 7.5% higher GDP per capita. Exemplar countries like China, South Korea, and Poland that achieved 10-year HALE gains over the past three decades saw roughly two times higher GDP per capita growth compared to peers with modest improvements.

India's past initiatives have laid a foundation but fall short of meeting the next frontier targets. The National Health Policy 2017 catalyzed progress, yet critical targets on mortality, non-communicable disease outcomes, financing, infrastructure, and system integration remain unmet. Progress made includes:

Reduction in out-of-pocket expenditure (OOP) from 64% to 44% via expanded public financing and coverage.
Investment in primary infrastructure boosting the number of Primary Health Centres (PHCs) and human resources for health (HRH).
Focus on maternal and child health (MCH) and disease programs leading to a steady decrease in maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and ~90% immunization coverage.

However, India's disease burden remains high, posing risks to its economic and health ambitions. Key burden indicators include:

High mortality from cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease (17% in 2021).
High share of deaths due to communicable diseases (28% in 2019).
A significant disease burden translates to an opportunity cost of $0.8–$1.0 trillion annually.

To achieve the "Viksit Bharat" vision, India needs to:

Double health investment: Increase health spending from 3%–4% to 6%–7% of GDP to match global benchmarks.
Establish integrated governance: Create a single accountable framework to align reforms and policies across financing, service delivery, workforce development, digital infrastructure, procurement, and performance management.

Strategic actions include scaling prevention, infrastructure, and digital health:

Expanding prevention-embedded universal health coverage.
Building infrastructure and workforce capacity rapidly.
Accelerating digital health adoption.
Using policy levers to shift behaviors toward healthier living.

By elevating health from a social priority to a core economic strategy and implementing these coordinated actions, India can achieve its growth and health targets, realizing the "Viksit Bharat" vision by 2047.

Investment in health is central to India’s journey toward a wealthy nation. About the authors Key contacts Parijat Ghoshis the head of Bain & Company’s Asia-Pacific Healthcare & LifeSciences practice. He has led multiple revenue, customer, digital, and costtransformation initiatives across the healthcare ecosystem. Parijat Ghosh in New Delhi (parijat.ghosh@bain.com) Siddhartha Bhattacharya in New Delhi (siddhartha.bhattacharya@nathealth.co.in) Siddhartha Bhattacharyais secretary general of NATHEALTH, with more than 25years in healthcare and tech across India and the US, leading health systemtransformations. Bhavini Malhotra in New Delhi (bhavini.malhotra@bain.com) Bhavini Malhotrais a partner in Bain & Company’s Healthcare & Life Sciencespractice. She has led multiple strategy, due diligence, and go-to-markettransformation initiatives across Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology and Buyout Fund. Acknowledgments For media queries: The authors deeply thankPayal Narayan(Manager),Apoorva Mishra(ProjectLead),Shivam Singh(Associate),Sarthak Jhalani(Analyst), andAyushGalyan(Analyst) for their in-depth research, analytical rigor, and notablecontributions to the development of key insights that have gone into this report. Sitara Achreja (sitara.achreja@bain.com) Shelza Khan (shelza.khan@bain.com) Copyright @ 2026 Bain & Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Executive summary: Health as a catalyst for economic growth India’s HALE has already increased from approximately 50 to 61 years since1990. Achieving an additional 10-year gain—to a HALE of 70 by 2047—couldunlock a fivefold expansion in GDP per capita, increasing it from approximately$2,800 to $14,100. This jump could contribute 70% of the Viksit Bharat aspirationof reaching $18,000 to $20,000 GDP per capita. Population health is a foundational enabler of India’s 2047 growth ambition.To become a $30–$40 trillion economy by 2047, India must fully harness itsdemographic dividend (2019–53). It must also treat population health as a coreinput to productivity, human capital formation, and sustained economic growth—not just as a social imperative. Global evidence on this issue is consistent:Healthier countries are structurally wealthier, and sustained investment in healthis closely associated with long-term prosperity. The next step-change requires higher investment and integrated execution.While the National Health Policy 2017 catalyzed progress across life expectancy,immunization, sanitation, and select disease-control outcomes, critical targets onmortality, non-communicable disease outcomes, financing, infrastructure, andsystem integration remain unmet. Reaching the next frontier will require doublinghealth investment from approximately 3%–4% of GDP to 6%–7%, in line withglobal peers. In addition, India must institutionalize and integrate governancemodels. Financing, service delivery, workforce development, digital infrastructure,procurement, and performance management should align under a singleaccountable framework Despite meaningful progress, disease burden remains a material economicconstraint.Over the past decades, India has implemented multiple central- andstate-level reforms that have strengthened financial protection, expanded systemcapacity, and improved select population health outcomes. Yet a persistently highdisease burden continues to suppress workforce participation and productivity,resulting in a $0.8–$1.0 trillion annual opportunity cost. Healthy lifespan gains can accelerate income growth.Longitudinal analysesacross roughly 190 countries show a clear inflection point: Once health-adjustedlife expectancy (HALE) exceeds 57 years, GDP per capita growth acceleratesmaterially—with each additional year of HALE yielding approximately 7.5% higherGDP per capita. Countries that achieved 10-year HALE gains or more over thepast three decades experienced roughly two times higher GDP per capita growththan peers with more modest improvements. China, South Korea, and Poland allexhibited this trajectory. Scaling prevention, infrastructure, and digital health will realize ViksitBharat.Expanding prevention-embedded universal health coverage, buildinginfrastructure and workforce capacity at pace, accelerating digital health adoption,and using policy levers to shift behaviors toward healthier living will be central toachieving India’s ambitions. Elevating health from a social priority to a coreeconomic strategy is critical for India to realize its Viksit Bharat vision by 2047. Viksit Bharat aims to harness a multidecadal demographic dividend to achievetwin objectives of a $30–$40 trillion economy and heathy life expectancy of70+ years India 2047 ambition Viksit Bharat by 2047 onone sideis about becoming a $30 trillioneconomy,and thesecondimperative relating to healthcaresectoris to raise life expectancyfrom the current 71 years to 85years andhealthy life expectancyfrom 60 years to 70 –75 years. These are thebenchmarks of thedeveloped nations,and that isw

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