为每个新生儿提供养育护理：专题简报

What is What happens during earlychildhood (pregnancy to age 8)lays the foundation for a lifetime.We have made great stridesin improving child survival,but we also need to createthe conditions to help children Nurturing care comprises fiveinterrelated and indivisiblecomponents: good health,adequate nutrition, safety andsecurity, responsive caregivingand opportunities for early When cared for in a nurturingenvironment, babies not onlysurvive, they are also helpedto thrive. However, toomany infants are deprived birth weight or experience birthcomplications are at the greatestrisk, not only of death but alsoof lifelong disability. Progress inreducing newborn mortality will be Nurturing care happens whenwe maximize every interactionwith a child. Every moment,small or large, structured orunstructured, is an opportunityto ensure children are healthy,receive nutritious food, are safe Birth is the critical transition forevery newborn from being nurturedin the womb to being cared forin the outside world. Essentialnewborn care - with immediateskin-to-skin contact, warmth,hygiene, early initiation of exclusivebreastfeeding and zero separation of Every year an estimated 140 millionbabies are born, and among theseabout 30 million need inpatient hospital care with 8 – 10 millionrequiring neonatal intensive care(1). Since 1990, global newbornmortality has more than halved, This Thematic Brief summarizeswhy nurturing care is essentialfor every newborn. It outlines thefive components of nurturing careand contains examples of practical Facts and figures An estimated2.4 millionnewborns die everyyear, mostly from Globally, more than80%of births take place ina health facility with The first month of life is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for childrento begin the journey of unlockingtheir full potential. Policy-makers,health care managers, health careproviders and parents can lead thetransformation that is needed for Direct causes of deathare prematurity, birth Low birth weight contributes to60 – 80% of all newborn deaths(7). The importance ofnurturing care for after birth. When infants experienceloving care from their parents andother caregivers, they have thebest chance to survive and thrive,whether they are in a health facilityor at home. But when newborns aredeprived of such care, for examplethrough separation from their High quality care during childbirthpositions the mother to providenurturing care to her newborn. Itinvolves the presence of a birthcompanion of her choice, andthe avoidance of unnecessaryprocedures, including caesariansection. Evidence shows that a Neurodevelopment startsin pregnancy and rapidlyaccelerates after birth.By the end of 28 weeks of During pregnancy, nurturing careis supported by a minimum of eightantenatal contacts with healthprofessionals. Each contact providesan opportunity for counselling thewoman and her family regardinghealthy diet, prevention of tobacco Neural connections are formed inthe brain at an astounding speed inthe early days and weeks after birth,creating the pathways for lifelongsensory functions such as hearing, What are the nurturing GOODHEALTH Refers to health and well-beingof children and their caregivers.Why both? We know that the ADEQUATENUTRITION Refers to maternal and childnutrition. Why both? We know thatthe nutritional status of the motherduring pregnancy affects herhealth and well-being and that In the first month of life, all five componentsof nurturing care need to be supported for SAFET Y ANDSECURIT Y Refers to safe and secureenvironments for children and theirfamilies. Includes physical dangers, Good health involves preventingand managing illness, includingprovision of evidence-based Early learning involves stimulatingthe baby’s brain gently, through Responsive caregiving means beingaware of the newborn’s signals,which can indicate readiness OPPORTUNITIES FOREARLY LEARNING Adequate nutrition meansoptimizing exclusive breastfeeding Refers to any opportunity for theinfant or child to interact with aperson, place, or object in theirenvironment. Recognizes that everyinteraction (positive or negative) Safety and security means warmth,practising good hygiene, minimizingstress, and enabling the primary RESPONSIVECAREGIVING Refers to the ability of the caregiverto notice, understand, and respondto their child’s signals in a timelyand appropriate manner. Creating a nurturingenvironment for When health care providerspartner with families toprovide nurturing care, morenewborns will survive and A nurturing environment is enabledwhen maternal and newborn careservices are organized around core One approach isinfant- and family-centred developmental care(IFCDC), which creates a nurturingenvironment to respond to eachbaby’s needs and minimizes harm(Figure 1). IFCDC reduces stress Evidence shows that adherence torecommended essential newborncare practices substantially reduces Implement the Ten Steps toSuccessful Breastfeeding The Baby-