欧洲和中亚经济更新，2026年4月：产业政策

Europe & Central AsiaEconomic Update Industrial Policy Europe & Central Asia The Office of theChief Economist APRIL 2026 Europe & Central Asia © 2026 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.orgSome rights reserved 1 2 3 429 28 27 26 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, andconclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of ExecutiveDirectors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness,or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, ordiscrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges andimmunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Certain artificial intelligence (“AI”) tools may have been used in creating this work, as indicated in the work, butall transformative and creative effort expressed in the work was performed by the World Bank staff or external Rights and Permissions This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: World Bank. 2026.Industrial Policy.Europe and Central Asia EconomicUpdate (April 2026). World Bank, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1596/978-1-4648-2332-9. License: Creative Commons Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution:This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. Adaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution:This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the Third-party content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained withinthe work. The World Bank therefore, does not warrant that the use of any third-party-owned individual componentor part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting fromsuch infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to re-use a component of the work, it is your responsibility All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank, 1818 H StreetNW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. ISBN (electronic): 978-1-4648-2332-9DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-2332-9 Cover design:Design and Creative Services, Global Corporate Solutions, World Bank Group. The cutoff date for the data used in the report was March 25, 2026. AI Disclosure Statement:mAI 4.0, developed by Azure OpenAI and Google Gemini for World Bank Group, andM365 Copilot by Microsoft were used January through February 2026 for minor editing and text improvements.Modifications were revised by the team, edited by a professional editor, and reviewed by the management. Contents Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................... viiiAbbreviations................................................................................................................... ixRegional classification used in this report......................................................................... x Chapter 1 Recent Developments, Policies, and Outlook................................ 1Growth weakened................................................................................... 3Consumption remained resilient.............................................................. 8Investment growth remained strong...................................................... 10Exports firmed modestly....................................................................... 11Disinflation stalled.................................................................................. 12 Chapter 2Industrial Policies in Europe and Central Asia.............................. 25Introduction............................................................................................ 27What is industrial policy?........................................................................ 30Industrial policies in Europe and Central Asia....................................... 34The intensity of industrial policy in the region...................................... 47Industrial policy and competition.......................................................... 48 1.1Global resilience under stress. . . .