从试点到政策：更好地针对格鲁吉亚穷人的分析和建议（英）

No. 2610|JANUARY 2026No. 2614 | MARCH 2026 Socioeconomic Data onFisheries WorkersAvailability and Strategies for Better Data QualityFrom Pilot to Policy: Analysisand Recommendations toBetter Target the Poor inGeorgia Emanuela Migliaccio andGianluigi NicoMaddalena HonoratiLudovico CarraroRoberto Claudio Sormani © 2026 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank© 2026 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433Telephone: +1 (202) 473 1000; Internet:www.worldbank.org. This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this workdo not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shownon any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement oracceptance of such boundaries. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced,in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group,1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: +1 (202) 522 2625; e-mail:pubrights@worldbank.org. From Pilot to Policy:Analysis andRecommendations to BetterTarget the Poor in Georgia1 Maddalena Honorati, Ludovico Carraro, Roberto Claudio Sormani Abstract Effectively identifying the poor is critical to the success of many social assistance programs,particularly where public resources are scarce. Proxy means testing (PMT) is a popularmethod for “targeting” social assistance and has been implemented in a wide variety ofcountries. This paper responds to Georgia’s request to improve poverty-targeted socialassistance (TSA) eligibility and implementation. We re-estimated the PMT model andhousehold needs index using recent HIES data, supported the design and implementationof its pilot and quantitatively evaluated pilot results based on government administrativedata. Drawing on pilot evidence, the paper proposes final refinements of the TSA targetingformula and discusses recommendations to effectively implement the revised targetingformula as well as considerations to move towards a means test approach. JEL Classification: C11, D04, H53, I32, I38, O20 Keywords: Proxy means testing, Social assistance, Targeting, Delivery Systems. Table of contents iList of tables, figures, and boxes...........................................................................................................iiiList of abbreviations...............................................................................................................................ivIntroduction............................................................................................................................................ 51Policy objectives and rationale for reforming the targeting system ....................................71.1TSA and CB performance........................................................................................... 91.2Strengths and limitations of current targeting formula ......................................... 121.2.1Limitations of the consumption index121.2.2Limitations of the needs index131.2.3Responding to shocks161.2.4Contradictions in the benefit structure171.3Rationale for reform ................................................................................................. 172Revised PMT and needs index ............................................................................................. 202.1Background information on data used for the analysis......................................... 202.2Revisions of the needs index.................................................................................... 212.3Estimation of new PMT model .................................................................................222.3.1Comparing distribution of variables in HIES and SVHD data222.3.2Estimating new PMT models262.3.3Targeting performance of new PMT models302.3.4Model performance in more recent HIES data322.4Expected winners and losers from the proposed reform ......................................333Lessons from piloting the revised targeting formula ......................................................... 383.1Pilot objectives, design, and implementation ........................................................ 383.2Adjustments to the calculation of the score over time ......................................... 433.2.1Treatment of monetary explanatory var