量子无人机与未来军事战争

Tole Sutikno1,21Master Programof Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia2Embedded Systems and PowerElectronics Research Group, Yogyakarta, Indonesia ABSTRACT Article Info The advent of drones has significantly impacted military warfare, providingimproved reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition (RSTA), costsavings, increased convenience, safety, and flexibility. A layered networkcontrol architecture, known astheinternet of drones(IoD), coordinates droneaccess to controlled airspace and offers navigation services. Various systems,includingwireless sensor networks(WSN)and drones directed to anexpandedcontrolling zone,integrate with IoD to improve connectionperformance. This paper provides an overview of the IoDand theinternet ofquantum drones (IoQD), highlighting key issues and potential solutions inapplications and deployment.TheIoQDprovides primary features such assecure message exchange, fast communication processes,the viability ofcreating and deploying private IoQD, and enabling a new field of application,quantum well (QW). In conclusion, the advent of drone technology hassignificantly improved various aspects of military operations, includingreconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition. The IoQD offers apromising solution for military networks,facilitating the safe and expeditedtransfer of data, ultimately benefiting the entire military network. Article history: ReceivedFeb 1,2023RevisedOct 2,2023AcceptedNov 10,2023 Keywords: Drone swarmsInternet of dronesInternet of quantum dronesMilitary warfareQuantum wellUnmanned aerial vehiclesWireless sensor networks This is an open access article under theCC BY-SAlicense. Corresponding Author: Tole SutiknoMaster Program of Electrical Engineering, Faculty ofIndustrial Technology, Universitas Ahmad DahlanAhmad Yani Street (South Ringroad st.), Tamanan, Yogyakarta 55166, IndonesiaEmail: tole@te.uad.ac.id 1.INTRODUCTION“Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)“, more commonly known as "drones," are remotelyoperated and utilized in numerous sectors such as defense, commercial transportation, military operations, surveillance ofthe atmosphere, monitoring of architectural structures, and transportation[1]–[51]. Due to the ongoingenhancement of their affordability, they are extensively implemented in both the public and private sectors.Autonomous navigation in environments characterized by high intensity of change presents formidableobstaclesfor drones[34],[46],[52].Aerospace and defense sectors initially produced drones withcounterinsurgency and defense objectives in mind. In such conditions, these drones have demonstrated theirutility. At present, drones find widespread application primarily within the militarysector worldwide[53]–[56]. In addition to decoying targets, they are practical for an extensive range of purposes, including researchand development. Moreover, software enhancing precision can be integrated into them.Drones are an extraordinarily valuable asset on account of the plethora of applications in which they have demonstrated success. Drones possess the capability to be modified to serve a multitude of purposes, inaddition to being an indispensable componentof militaries[1], [5], [39], [49], [50], [57], [58].Presently inoperation with armed forces worldwide are a variety of drones belonging to the subsequent classifications[53],[54]: -Presently, the fixed-wing drone stands as the most sophisticated and swiftest militarydronesin operationacross the globe. Although designed to execute takeoffs and landings similarly to conventional aircraft,these unmanned aircraft derive their lift from wings as opposed to rotors.-Comparablein durability to alternative drone types,single-rotor drones resemble helicopters inappearance. Although they might be more effective overall, they do require a greater amount ofmaintenance than other varieties of drones.-The simplest option is a drone equipped with multiple rotors, which also provide the most accurate controlover the camera's position and framing. As a consequence of this, they represent the most viable alternativein terms of conducting reconnaissance and surveillance.This paper presents an overview of the literature on the internet of drones (IoD).Itdescribes the primary applications that have been implemented in IoD systems in order to pique the interest of newresearchers in the field. The primary critical issues discovered during the deployment and applications of theIoD are highlighted. This paper's information on IoD will help future academic research because it is uniquein this burgeoning field. Finally, the impacts of IoD applications, deployments, and integration are discussed. 2.THE IMPACT OF DRONES ON MILITARY OPERATIONSDespite their recent integration into the military-industrial complex, drones have already exerted a substantial influence on counterinsurgency and defense operations. While the concept of androneis no