在健康领域扩展人工智能

Scaling Artificial Intelligencein Health This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed andarguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Member countries of the OECD. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use ofsuch data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements inthe West Bank under the terms of international law. ISBN 978-92-64-87469-5 (print)ISBN 978-92-64-55872-4 (PDF)ISBN 978-92-64-83701-0 (HTML) Photo credits:Cover © PeopleImages/Shutterstock.com. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Attribution– you must cite the work.Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of the original work should be considered valid.Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed inthis adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries.Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and forany claims of infringement.You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work.Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shallbe Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Foreword Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to transform how healthcare operates, is delivered, and isexperienced by patients. Since2019, the OECD has shown leadership in this area through the publicationof its AI Principles and the creation of supporting initiatives such as the OECD.AI PolicyObservatory,expert groups, and publications promoting the responsible use of AI. In 2024, OECD Health Ministersendorsedthe Declaration on Building Better Policies for More Resilient Health Systems,whichacknowledged,among other priorities,“the importance of adopting a sector-specific approach todeveloping appropriate policies around the use of artificial intelligence in health, while taking into accountmulti-sectoral contexts, such that the benefits in areas such as health system resilience can be realisedfully.” This report–and its policy checklist–aims to support that objective. This report goes on to reviewOECD Members’ progress in taking action to advance the responsible scaleof AI in their health systems. It is clear that while progress is being made, there is still significant work tobe done in areas of trust and capacity building; strengthening data quality, access, protection, and use;and leadership to guide and oversee action in the implementation of AI in Health. This report was prepared by Eric Sutherland, Rachel Fellner and Yunona L’Heureux at the OECD HealthDivision within the Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs (ELS). This report is part of theOECD Horizontal Project on Thriving with AI: Empowering Economies and Societies. The authors wouldlike to thankcolleagues in OECD’s Science. Technology, and Innovation (STI) and Governance (GOV)directorates for their extensive comments, input and direction. A number of colleagues provided meaningfulcomments and direction, including Lucia Russo and Limor Schmerling-Magazanik (with STI), and RicardoZapata and Jamie Berryhill (with GOV). The authors would also like to thank colleagues from ELS includingFrancesca Colombo and Mark Pearson. The authors are grateful to Bogi Eliasen (Movement Health), David Novillo and Clayton Hamilton (WorldHealth Organization–Europe), and Simon Hagens and Ronan O’Kelly (Global Digital Health Partnership–GDHP) for their comments and suggestions in preparation of the earlier document drafted forHealth ata Glance 2023and used in the GDHP/OECD Policy Repository Tool. The authors are also appreciative of the efforts of the OECD AI in Health Expert Group who wereinstrumental to the development of this checklist and the drafting process. Members of the of the expertgroup are included at the