盘点：官方统计数据如何错过仓库革命

HOW OFFICIAL STATISTICS ARE MISSING ABOUT OXFORD Oxford Economics was founded in 1981 as a commercial venture with OxfordUniversity’s business college to provide economic forecasting and modeling to UKcompanies and financial institutions expanding abroad. Since then, we have becomeone of the world’s foremost independent global advisory firms, providing reports, Headquartered in Oxford, England, with regional centers in New York, London,Frankfurt, and Singapore, Oxford Economics has offices across the globe inAbu Dhabi, Belfast, Chicago, Dubai, Dublin, Hong Kong, Los Angeles, Mexico City,Milan, Paarl, Paris, Philadelphia, Sydney, Tokyo, and Toronto. We employ 700 staff,including more than 450 professional economists, industry experts, and business Oxford Economics is a key adviser to corporate, financial, and governmentdecision-makers and thought leaders. Our worldwide client base now comprisesover 3,000 international organizations, including leading multinational companies All data shown in tables and charts are Oxford Economics’ own data, except whereotherwise stated and cited in footnotes, and are copyright © Oxford Economics Ltd. The modeling and results presented here are based on information provided bythird parties, upon which Oxford Economics has relied in producing its report and To discuss the report further please contact:Dan Martin:danmartin@oxfordeconomics.com Oxford Economics5 Hanover Sq, 8th Floor•New York, NY 10004•Tel: +1 (646) 786-1879 CONTENTS Executive summary.........................................................................................4Section 1: Introduction....................................................................................6 2.1Growth in warehousing employment and establishments...................................2.2Occupational shifts and wage trends.......................................................................2.3Upskilling and technological integration................................................................ Section 3: Measuring warehouse output.................................................22 Section 4: Conclusion...................................................................................26 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Over the past two decades, warehouses in the United States have undergone afundamental transformation. Formerly passive storage sites have given way tofast-moving logistics hubs—handling fulfillment, distribution, and returns at a scale Yet government statistics have struggled to keep pace and reflect this fundamentalchange in the nature of warehousing. Warehouses are still classified and measuredas static storage operations, obscuring the scale and value of the services they nowprovide. This report brings new clarity to that disconnect—drawing on government These changes reflect more than just growth—they signal a redefinition of what warehousesdo and how they create value. Today’s facilitiesintegrate automation, real-time inventory The transformation is evident across •Employment has surged from 749,000 in 2014to 1.9 million in 2024,with nearly 900,000 ofthose new jobs concentrated in facilities withover 1,000 employees. These mega-sites—often Yet this transformation is not fully reflectedin official economic statistics. Governmentdata show that the economic output of thewarehousing industry grew only 63% from 2013to 2023—from $110 billion to $180 billion innominal terms. That output figure is inherentlydifficult to measure: it tracks the provision ofwarehousing services, but goods often movethrough multiple facilities without changingownership, meaning there is a lack of market •The number of warehouse establishments hasgrown 41% since 2014, with the count of sitesemploying over 1,000 workers increasing nearly •Material moving occupations have growndisproportionately, rising from 66% to 73% ofall warehouse jobs between 2014 and 2024.Stockers and order fillers alone increased from •High-skill roles are growing fastest, includinginventory analysts, logistics coordinators,and automation technicians. Lightcast jobposting data show a striking rise in the share •Real wages have risen meaningfullyin manyof the fastest-growing roles. Between 2014 and2024, stockers and order fillers saw real wagegains of 30%, while industrial truck operators By analyzing employment, occupational shifts,investment, and output across multiple datasources, this report offers a more completepicture of the warehousing revolution. It shows •The workforce has diversified, with increasedparticipation by women and broader demo- •Geographic expansion has been broad-based,with warehousing employment growing in urban,suburban, and rural counties alike. Between 2014 SECTION 1:INTRODUCTION Fueled by a wave of new technologies and shiftingretail dynamics, America’s warehousing sector hasundergone a profound transformation. What were oncepassive storage sites have evolved into high-throughputlogistics facilities—processing, packaging, and