对大企业征税

HM Revenue & Customs We are the UK’sindependentpublic spendingwatchdog. We support Parliamentin holding governmentto account and wehelp improve publicservices through ourhigh-quality audits. The National Audit Office (NAO) scrutinises public spendingfor Parliament and is independent of government and the civilservice. We help Parliament hold government to account andwe use our insights to help people who manage and governpublic bodies improve public services. The Comptroller and Auditor General (C&AG), Gareth Davies,is an Officer of the House of Commons and leads the NAO.We audit the financial accounts of departments and otherpublic bodies. We also examine and report on the value formoney of how public money has been spent. In 2024, the NAO’s work led to a positive financialimpact through reduced costs, improved service delivery,or other benefits to citizens, of £5.3 billion. This representsaround £53 for every pound of our net expenditure. Taxing large businesses HM Revenue & Customs Report by the Comptroller and Auditor General Ordered by the House of Commonsto be printed on 25 February 2026 This report has been prepared under Section 6 of theNational Audit Act 1983 for presentation to the House ofCommons in accordance with Section 9 of the Act Gareth DaviesComptroller and Auditor GeneralNational Audit Office19 February 2026 HC 1647|£10.00 Value for money reports Our value for money reports examine governmentexpenditure in order to form a judgement on whethervalue for money has been achieved. We also makerecommendations to public bodies on how toimprove public services. The material featured in this document is subject to National AuditOffice (NAO) copyright. The material may be copied or reproducedfor non-commercial purposes only, namely reproduction for research,private study or for limited internal circulation within an organisationfor the purpose of review. Copying for non-commercial purposes is subject to the materialbeing accompanied by a sufficient acknowledgement, reproducedaccurately, and not being used in a misleading context. To reproduceNAO copyright material for any other use, you must contactcopyright@nao.org.uk. Please tell us who you are, the organisationyou represent (if any) and how and why you wish to use our material.Please include your full contact details: name, address, telephonenumber and email. Please note that the material featured in this document may notbe reproduced for commercial gain without the NAO’s express anddirect permission and that the NAO reserves its right to pursuecopyright infringement proceedings against individuals or companieswho reproduce material for commercial gain without our permission. Links to external websites were valid at the time of publication ofthis report. The National Audit Office is not responsible for thefuture validity of the links. 01704502/26NAO© National Audit Office 2026 Contents This report can be found on theNational Audit Office website atwww.nao.org.uk If you need a version of thisreport in an alternative formatfor accessibility reasons, orany of the figures in a differentformat, contact the NAO atenquiries@nao.org.uk Key facts4 SummaryIntroduction5 Part OneThe taxes paid by large businesses13 The National Audit Office studyteam consisted of: Part TwoHM Revenue & Customs’ approachto working with large businesses22 Thomas Lian-Hoare,Andy Serlin, and Calum White,with assistance from Tilly Meers,under the direction ofLouise Bladen. Part ThreeThe effectiveness of HM Revenue& Customs’ approach33 Appendix OneOur audit approach41 For further information about theNational Audit Office please contact: National Audit OfficePress Office157–197 Buckingham Palace RoadVictoriaLondonSW1W 9SP 020 7798 7400www.nao.org.uk@NAOorguk Key facts £337bn£15.8bn£5.8bn £170 millionapproximate tax collected by HMRC from each large businesson average, 2024-25 £70.1 billion total tax under consideration by HMRC’s open complianceinterventions into large businesses, October 2025 33%proportion of large business compliance interventions openedby HMRC in 2024-25 that originated from the businessdisclosing an issue itself More than4,000issues resolved through HMRC’s High Risk CorporatesProgramme between 2006 and March 2025, leading toHMRC collecting £32 billion in extra tax Zeronumber of large businesses placed by HMRC into specialmeasures since the regime was set up in 2016 Summary Introduction 1HM Revenue & Customs’ (HMRC’s) large business directorate works witharound 2,000 of the UK’s largest business groups to ensure they comply with taxrules. This covers most groups with an annual turnover in the UK of more than£200 million, and those which HMRC considers have particularly complex taxaffairs or are operating in a complex businesssector. 2Around two-fifths of the taxes that HMRC collects come through largebusinesses, including those that large businesses pay directly and those they payon behalf of their employees and custo