海上风电对沿海开发的社会经济影响研究

Socio-Economic Impact Study MARCH 2026 The Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC)is the global tradeassociation for the wind power industry, with over 1,500 membersresponsible for 70% of the world’s wind capacity. Our members includemajorturbine manufacturers,energy companies,developers,andtechnology providers. GWEC advocates for the wind industry globally,collaborating with organisations like the IRENA, IEA, local associations anddevelopment banks to help governments and policymakers unlock windenergy’s full potential. GWEC’s mission is to ensure that wind power fulfills its role as one of the keytechnology solutions to today’s energy and climate challenges, forming thebackbone of a new clean energy system and enabling trillions of dollars ofinvestment while providing substantial economic and social benefits to hostcountries. Copyright © March 2026 This document contains forward-looking statements. These statementsare based on current views, expectations, assumptions and informationof the Authors. The Authors and their employees and representatives donot guarantee the accuracy of the data or conclusions of this work. Theyare not responsible for any adverse effects, loss or damage in any wayresulting from this work. Permissions and Usage This work is subject to copyright. Its content, including text and graphics,may be reproduced in part for non-commercial purposes, with fullattribution. Attribution OffshoreWind for Coastal Development:Socio-Economic ImpactStudy. 2026. Editors and Acknowledgements NIRAS is a multidisciplinary engineering and environmentalconsultancythat delivers integrated,cross-disciplinarysolutions across development projects, process industries,and urban planning, covering buildings, energy, utilities,environmental management, and infrastructure. This report was reviewed by Ann Margret Francisco, Mark Hutchinson,Janice Cheong, and Jigs Consolacion from the GWEC team. GWEC and NIRAS would like to give our sincere appreciation to theoffshore wind sector and all stakeholders who agreed to be part of thisstudy and made this report a success. With a strong presence across Asia—through offices inManila, Taipei, Jakarta, Hanoi, Phnom Penh, Kathmandu, andMelbourne, as well as active networks in Japan and Malaysia.NIRAS combines global technical expertise with deep localknowledge and partnerships. Since establishing its regionalfootprint in 1990, NIRAS has implemented over 300 projectsacross Asia supported by more than 60 permanent regionalstaff, operating through a decentralised matrix organisationthat ensures the right technical and management expertise ismobilised for each engagement. Lead Authors The lead authors of this report were Ann Margret Francisco and JuanMiguel Consolacion from the GWEC team; and Raoul Kubitschek,Charisse Kirsty Libunao, Gianne Francis Alfred Manzano, Joyce AnneAsilo, Wen Huang, Goldie Mae Abad, Kose Mae Alegre, FelicisimaArriola, Chin-Wen Yang, and Jason Wang from the NIRAS team. Foreword5Abbreviations6Executive Summary81.Background11Purpose and objectives11Policy and sector context11Study areas12Key study assumptions and scenarios15Analytical approach16Offshore wind developmentsocioeconomic benefit sharing study17Primary stakeholders and intended users212.Local Economic Impact of Offshore Wind22Background and objectives22Methodology23Estimation of economic impact27Conclusion for economic outcomes383.Assessment of Frameworks and Mechanismsfor Fair Distribution40Existing policies and governance structures40Evaluation of benefit-sharing practices and local job access494.International Case Study and Best Practices71Japan71Taiwan79Mainland China84United Kingdom925.Roles Definition and Policy Tools for Equitable Sharing101Multi-level perspective for policy design102Recommendation for benefit-sharing policy1096.Limitations of this Report1237.References1248.Appendices126Appendix A: Detailed Economic Impact Results126Appendix B: Detailed Job Creation Gap and Capability138Appendix C: Summary of Key Stakeholder Engagement Interviews146Appendix D: Methodology Framework153Appendix E: Mapping of Offshore Wind Cost Componentsto IO sectors155 Contents Foreword The Asia Pacific region stands at a critical juncture in its energy transition, and thePhilippines is leading the way in Southeast Asia. As offshore wind moves from visionto reality, evidenced by the ongoing 3,300 MW Green Energy Auction (GEA5)and advanced pre-development in San Miguel Bay and the Guimaras Strait, wemust recognise that technical potential is only half the battle. To scale this industrysustainably, we must ensure that the transition is as equitable as it is ambitious. Offshore wind has the potential to serve as a cornerstone of the Philippines’ evolvingenergy landscape. Scaling this technology strengthens national energy security byreducing dependence on imported fuels and insulating the power system from globalprice shocks. Over time, greater domestic renewable generation supports a moreresili