太平洋岛国经济体对欧盟出口指南

Improving Pacific IslandsCustoms and Trade Technical cooperation outcome © 2026, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and donot necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations or its officials or Member States. The designations employed and the presentation of material on any map in this work do not implythe expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations concerning the legalstatus of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation ofits frontiers or boundaries. Mention of any firm or licensed process does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations. This publication has been edited externally. Acknowledgements The present guide was prepared under the guidance of Julien Bliesener of the Division onInternational Trade and Commodities of the United Nations Conference on Trade andDevelopment (UNCTAD). Invaluable inputs and comments were received from Ralf Peters,Francisco Amaral Godinho de Araujo, Seul Lee and Graham Mott. UNCTAD gratefully acknowledges the substantive contributions of Loan Le (International TradeExpert from International Economics Consulting), comments on quality by Paul Baker (ChiefExecutive of International Economics Consulting) and research from Smita Bheenick (SeniorTrade Specialist at International Economics Consulting). The guide was prepared under the Improving Pacific Islands Customs and Trade (IMPACT)project, a component of the Pacific Regional Integration Support (PRISE) programme fundedby the European Commission. The guide was edited externally by Robert Blackwell, with the exception of the annexes, whichpresent existing reference materials. Figures were prepared by Gilles Maury. At UNCTAD, DanièleArbinet-Boglio undertook desktop publishing. Abbreviations EBA.........................Everything but ArmsEPA.........................Economic Partnership AgreementGPS........................Global Positioning SystemGSP........................Generalised Scheme of PreferencesGSP+......................Generalised Scheme of Preferences PlusHS...........................Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding SystemITC..........................International Trade CentreMFN........................most favoured nationUNCTAD..................United Nations Trade and DevelopmentVAT..........................value added tax Glossary of key terms European Union Generalised System of Preferences (GSP) A unilateral European Union scheme that provides reduced or zero tariffs for developing countriesthrough three components: Everything but Arms (EBA), GSP+ and Standard GSP. European Union–Pacific States Interim Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) A free trade agreement that grants duty-free and quota-free access for goods exported fromparticipating Pacific island economies to the European Union. Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS) An international product classification system used by customs authorities to determine tariffs,rules of origin and regulatory requirements. Most favoured nation (MFN) regime The standard tariff regime applied to countries without a preferential agreement, ensuring that allWorld Trade Organization members receive the same baseline tariff for a given product. Non-tariff measures Policy measures other than tariffs that can potentially have an economic effect on internationaltrade in goods, changing quantities traded, prices or both. The two key groups of non-tariffmeasures are sanitary and phytosanitary and technical barriers to trade. Quotas Fixed limits on the quantity of certain goods that can be traded within a defined period. Tariffrate quotas apply lower tariffs within the quota and higher tariffs once the limit is exceeded. Rules of origin Criteria used to identify a product’s country of origin. They determine whether a product qualifiesfor preferential tariffs and outline the necessary production, transformation and documentationrequirements. Sanitary and phytosanitary measures Requirements designed to protect human, animal and plant health. Examples include controlson pesticide residues, disease prevention and hygiene standards for food products. Tariff (or customs duty) A tax applied to goods when they cross a border. Tariffs may be based on value, quantity or acombination of both and influence the final cost of imported goods. Technical barriers to trade Product regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures used to ensure safety,quality or environmental compliance, such as labelling rules and product testing requirements. Trade regimes Systems of rules, agreements and institutions that govern international trade. They includemultilateral agreements, free trade agreements and unilateral trade arrangements that determinethe level of market access available to exporters. Table of contents Acknowledgements................