2026年世界知识产权报告：技术的流动

WorldIntellectualPropertyReport Technologyon the M ove © WIPO, 2026First published 2026 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. The user is allowed to reproduce, distribute, adapt, translate and publiclyperform this publication, including for commercial purposes, withoutexplicit permission, provided that the content is accompanied by anacknowledgement that WIPO is the source and that it is clearly indicated ifchanges were made to the original content. World Intellectual PropertyOrganization34, chemin des ColombettesP.O. Box 18 CH-1211Geneva 20Switzerland Suggested citation: World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) (2026).World Intellectual Property Report 2026:Technology on the Move. Geneva:WIPO. DOI:10.34667/tind.59025 ISBN: 978-92-8053-880-9 (print)ISBN: 978-92-8053-881-6 (online)ISSN: 2790-9883 (print)ISSN: 2790-9891 (online) Adaptation/translation/derivatives should not carry any official emblem orlogo, unless they have been approved and validated by WIPO. Please contactus via theWIPO websiteto obtain permission. For any derivative work, please include the following disclaimer: “TheSecretariat of WIPO assumes no liability or responsibility with regard to thetransformation or translation of the original content.” When content published by WIPO, such as images, graphics, trademarksor logos, is attributed to a third party, the user of such content is solelyresponsible for clearing the rights with the right holder(s). To view a copy of this license, please visithttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Any dispute arising under this license that cannot be settled amicably shallbe referred to arbitration in accordance with Arbitration Rules of the UnitedNations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) then in force.The parties shall be bound by any arbitration award rendered as a result ofsuch arbitration as the final adjudication of such a dispute. The designations employed and the presentation of material throughoutthis publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoeveron the part of WIPO concerning the legal status of any country, territoryor area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiersor boundaries. This publication is not intended to reflect the views of the Member Statesor the WIPO Secretariat. The mention of specific companies or products ofmanufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended byWIPO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Cover: Unsplash/BoliviaInteligente, JJ Ying, Sebastian Svenson,Tyler LastovichWIPO Publication No. 944EN/26 Contents Foreword6 4 Diffusion of clean technologies:patterns, mechanisms andfuture challenges81 Acknowledgments8 Introduction82Clean tech in the past 20 years: where andhow much?86Drivers and barriers of clean tech diffusion: thecase of solar photovoltaics, electric vehicles,and hydrogen88Looking ahead: challenges and risks for thenext phase of diffusion95Notes95 Executive summary10 Introduction10Do new technologies diffuse faster?10Is the technological knowledge behind newinventions spreading more internationally?15Implications for global development and policy19 1 How do new technologies diffuse?21 5 Connect, adopt, absorb: digitaltechnology diffusion Introduction22Key concepts and terminology23Stylized facts24What determines faster and widertechnology diffusion?32Conclusion34Notes35 Introduction98Relevance to innovation economics andglobal development98Bandwidth boom: a key feature of digitaltechnology spread99Firewall ahead: barriers to digital adoptionand diffusion100Economic and social impact107Intellectual property role in diffusion ofdigital technologies108Conclusions and policy implications110Notes111 2 Global trends of technologicalknowledge diffusion Introduction38When knowledge diffusion leaves a trail inpatent citations40Deep tech sourcing: when technologiesleverage scientific knowledge46Technological knowledge trajectories: whenbreakthrough inventions spread globally50Understanding the channels behindinternational knowledge diffusion55Key insights on global knowledgediffusion patterns57Notes58 Acronyms 113 Glossary 116 Technical notes Country income groups118Country region groups118Scientific publication data118Patent data118Mapping strategies119 3 Technology diffusion in agriculture61 Introduction62Determinants of technology diffusionin agriculture64Diffusion varies according to the technology65Diffusion varies according to farm size72The role of intellectual property75Notes79 Bibliography120 Foreword We all sense that the world is not just shrinking but also spinning faster. Thetelegraph was released in the 1840s and took decades to spread worldwide.In comparison, ChatGPT reached 100 million users in just a month. The theme of technology diffusion is the focus of theWorld IntellectualProperty Report 2026. This is important because the time and geographiclag between i