1995年至2023年全球劳动力收入不平等的趋同模式

Authors / Sergei Suarez Dillon Soares, Silvia Sgroi © International Labour Organization 2026 Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. See:https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The user is allowed to reuse, share (copy and redistrib-ute), adapt (remix, transform and build upon the original work) as detailed in the licence. Theuser must clearly credit the ILO as the source of the material and indicate if changes were made Attribution– The user must indicate if changes were made and must cite the work as follows:Suarez Dillon Soares, S., Sgroi, S.Converging Patterns of Global Labour Earnings Inequality from1995 to 2023. ILO Working Paper 163. Geneva: International Labour Office, 2026.© ILO. Translations– In case of a translation of this work, the following disclaimer must be added along with the attribution:This is a translation of a copyrighted work of the International LabourOrganization (ILO). This translation has not been prepared, reviewed or endorsed by the ILO and shouldnot be considered an official ILO translation. The ILO disclaims all responsibility for its content and ac- Adaptations– In case of an adaptation of this work, the following disclaimer must be addedalong with the attribution:This is an adaptation of a copyrighted work of the International LabourOrganization (ILO). This adaptation has not been prepared, reviewed or endorsed by the ILO and should Third-party materials– This Creative Commons licence does not apply to non-ILO copyright ma-terials included in this publication. If the material is attributed to a third party, the user of such Any dispute arising under this licence that cannot be settled amicably shall be referred to arbitra-tion in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International For details on rights and licensing, contact:rights@ilo.org. For details on ILO publications anddigital products, visit:www.ilo.org/publns. ISBN 9789220432853 (print), ISBN 9789220432860 (web PDF), ISBN 9789220432877 (epub), ISBN9789220432884 (html). ISSN 2708-3438 (print), ISSN 2708-3446 (digital) https://doi.org/10.54394/00033423 The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nationspractice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. See:www.ilo.org/disclaimer. The opinions and views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not nec-essarily reflect the opinions, views or policies of the ILO. Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their en-dorsement by the ILO, and any failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product or pro- Information on ILO publications and digital products can be found at:www.ilo.org/research-and-publications ILO Working Papers summarize the results of ILO research in progress, and seek to stimulatediscussion of a range of issues related to the world of work. Comments on this ILO Working Paper Authorization for publication: Caroline Fredrickson, Director, Research Department ILO Working Papers can be found at:www.ilo.org/research-and-publications/working-papers Suggested citation:Suarez Dillon Soares, S., Sgroi, S. 2026.Converging Patterns of Global Labour Earnings Inequality from 1995 to 2023, ILO Working Paper 163 (Geneva, ILO).https://doi.org/10.54394/00033423 Abstract This paper examines the evolution of labour earnings distribution across 25 countries, compar-ing two reference years: 1995 and 2023. The study seeks to understand how labour earningsdistribution has shifted over time in each country, highlighting changing patterns of inequality. Several methods are employed to comprehensively visualize inequality trends, including Pen’sparade, Lorenz curves and Growth Incidence Curves. The results reveal contrasting trends be-tween high-income and low- and middle-income countries. In high-income countries, the dataindicate, overall, an increase in income inequality. In contrast, low- and middle-income countriesexhibit notable reductions. Since high-income countries in general had lower labour income in- Key Findings Between the 1990s and 2020s, global labour earnings inequality decreased, driven by declininginequality in low- and middle-income countries and economic convergence between nations.However, within-country inequality increased in high-income nations, highlighting persistent About the authors Sergeihas worked at the Institute for Applied Economic Studies (Ipea) in Brasília since 1998 andhas been at the IPC-IG since 2015. His work has been on inequality, poverty, education, racialdiscrimination, social protection, and the labour market. He has been at the ILO since 2020 and Silviais a 26-year-old public policy and international development professional. She has built herexperience a