清洁能源技术供应链数据：挑战与潜在解决方案

Clean EnergyTechnology Supply Challenges and potentialsolutions INTERNATIONAL ENERGY The IEA examines the fullspectrumof energy issuesincluding oil, gas andcoal supply anddemand, renewableenergy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy, IEAMember IEAAssociation AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFrance ArgentinaChinaEgyptIndia This publication and any mapincluded herein are withoutprejudice to the status of orsovereignty over any territory,to the delimitation of The EuropeanCommission also Abstract Energy security in the Age of Electricity is inextricably linked to securing the supplychains for clean energy technologies and the equipment and materials used tomanufacture them. As countries continue to pursue energy transitions and to directinvestments to these technologies, guided by industrial strategies, a detailed This report is provided as an input to the discussions taking place as part of theGlobal Clean Power Alliance Supply Chains Mission – an initiative established bytheGovernment of the United Kingdom to advance practical solutions to Acknowledgements This report was prepared by the Energy Data Centre and Energy TechnologyPolicy Division of the International Energy Agency. The study was designed anddirected by Zuzana Dobrotkova, Head of Annual Energy Data and Statistics. PeterLevi, Head of the Technology Supply Chain Unit, provided strategic guidance and Lizzie Sayer edited the manuscript. Per-Anders Widell provided essential supportthroughout the process. Thanks also to the IEA Communications and Digital Officefor their help in producing the report, particularly to Poeli Bojorquez, Astrid The work benefited from financial support provided by the Government of theUnited Kingdom, and from discussions during two technical workshops hosted by Several experts from outside of the IEA provided valuable input, commented andreviewed this report and activity participated in the two technical workshops. Theyinclude: Andrea Andrenelli (Trade and Agriculture Directorate, OECD); JaneChandler (United Kingdom, Department for Energy Security and Net Zero);Fernandode Oliveira(Trade and Agriculture Directorate,OECD);BrigetteDemerais(Natural Resources Canada);Gael Grooby(World CustomsOrganization); Natalia Hoffman Ramos (Brazil, Ministry of Mines and Energy);Birte Holst Joergensen (Technical University of Denmark); Premyslaw Kowalski(Trade and Agriculture Directorate, OECD); Atsushi Kurosawa (The Institute of Table of contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................................6Introduction...............................................................................................................................8Energy security risks are evolving........................................................................................8Clean energy technology supply chains are complex........................................................9Geographical concentration poses risks............................................................................ 13Economic opportunities exist.............................................................................................. 17 The existing data landscape .................................................................................................20 Scope of this report.............................................................................................................21Data categories.................................................................................................................... 23Data sources........................................................................................................................ 25Data quality.......................................................................................................................... 27 Policy considerations ............................................................................................................ 34Data frameworks.................................................................................................................. 34Domestic actions................................................................................................................. 36Actions requiring international co-operation...................................................................... 39 Executive summary Energy security in the Age of Electricity is inextricably linked to securingthe supply chains for clean energy technologies and the equipment andmaterials used to manufacture them. As countries continue to pursue energy The availability of good-quality, timely data is crucial to understanding cleanenergy technology supply chains and addressing vulnerabilities. Risks tosupply chains can arise from interdependencies across technologies and betweengeographies, among other factors. Today, the available data shows