久经考验的电力系统：欧洲电力行业的韧性与准备

Resilience and preparedness for Europe's electricity sector Eurelectric report Eurelectric represents the interests of the electricity industry in Europe. Our work covers all major issues affecting our sector. Our membersrepresent the electricity industry in over 30 European countries. We cover the entire industry from electricity generation and markets to distribution networks and customer issues. We also have affiliatesactive on several other continents and business associates from a wide variety of sectors with a direct interest in the electricity industry. We stand for The vision of the European power sector is to enable and sustain:-A vibrant competitive European economy, reliably powered by clean, carbon-neutral energy-A smart, energy efficient and truly sustainable society for all citizens of Europe We are committed to lead a cost-effective energy transition by: investingin clean power generation and transition-enabling solutions, to reduce emissions and actively pursue efforts to become carbon-neutral well before mid-century, taking into account different starting points and commercial availability of key transition technologies; transformingthe energy system to make it more responsive, resilient and efficient. This includes increased use of renewable energy,digitalisation, demand side response and reinforcement of grids so they can function as platforms and enablers for customers, cities andcommunities; acceleratingthe energy transition in other economic sectors by offering competitive electricity as a transformation tool for transport,heating and industry; embeddingsustainability in all parts of our value chain and take measures to support the transformation of existing assets towards a zerocarbon society; innovatingto discover the cutting-edge business models and develop the breakthrough technologies that are indispensable to allow ourindustry to lead this transition. Contact:Lead author:Nic STEINWAND, Policy Advisor – EU Energy &Climate –nsteinwand@eurelectric.orgContributing author:Silvia COSSA, Intern – Markets & Customers–scossa@eurelectric.org Battle-tested power systems:Resilience andpreparedness for Europe's electricity sector Executive summary This report follows up on Eurelectric’s study from February 2025,Redefining energy security in the ageof electricity, to specifically address hybrid threats to physical electricity assets – one of the identifiedexogenous threats to Europe’s energy security. To do so, the report delves into two dimensions: 1.Deep dive on lessons learnt from Ukraine and recent events:Redefining energy securityincludeda case study on Ukrainian utility, DTEK, and their experience of the first three years of Russia’s warof aggression. This report expands on this with a deep dive on Russia’s tactics in Ukraine includingthe most recent events (to the end of 2025), the lessons learnt and assesses the hybrid warfaretactics being employed against EU Member States and lessons learnt from them as well. 2.Benchmark European utilities preparedness for threats to physical assets:while the EU is not ina hot war, hybrid warfare has become a new reality while geopolitical tensions continue to simmer.This report therefore benchmarks European utilities’ level of preparedness for those threats and Based on these findings, the report comes to three conclusions: 1.Energy infrastructure is a target for adversaries and needs to be protected.In a full-scale warscenario, energy assets are targeted by drones, missiles and shelling to knock out power andundermine society’s morale and the efficacy of defence. Hybrid threats aim to do the same thingbut with less predictability and attributability. Preparedness for and resilience to hybrid threats, isthe minimum for us to do today, but we should be looking at the lessons from Ukraine to achieve 2.Utilities are aware of the evolving threat landscape and are beginning to strengthenpreparedness for today’s increasingly complex threats.A stark shift in the state of geopolitics hasunfolded in just a few years that utilities are still adapting to. While there are variations based onthreat exposure, utilities in Europe can take no regret steps towards improving readiness for 3.Utilities, Member States and the EU can take steps to improve preparedness.Low-cost solutionsto organisational preparedness exist such as increasing situational awareness, cooperating withlocal and national authorities and exercising crisis responses. At the same time, with the righteconomic incentives and supported by Member States, utilities can reinforce physical assets,stockpile critical equipment and increase cybersecurity efforts. On the policy side, the EU can take Battle-tested power systems: Resilience andpreparedness for Europe’s electricity system 01. Threats to physical assets: full-scale war and hybrid threats................. 1 Russia’s war in Ukraine ..............................................................................................