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FEBRUARY 2026 FINANCIAL SERVICES SECTORPayment Systems Development Group © 2026 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NWWashington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000Internet: www.worldbank.org This volume is a product of the staff of the World Bank. The findings, interpretations, andconclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the ExecutiveDirectors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. Theboundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work donot imply any judgment on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of anyterritory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS The material in this publication is subject to copyright. Because the World Bank encourages disseminationof their knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as longas full attribution is given Contents 3. Introduction and Scope7What This Paper Does Not Propose8 Challenges Facing FPS9Problem Statement: Leveraging Digital ID and FPS Interoperability toOvercome Shared Challenges11 5. Verifiable Credentials as Catalysts for FPS and Digital ID Interoperability 12 Verifiable Credentials12Use Cases: Current Practice versus Verifiable Credential Approach14 6. Key Enablers of Verifiable Credentials: Digital Wallets and Trust Frameworks16 Digital Wallets16Trust Framework17 7. Creating a Foundational Model for Interoperability between Digital ID and FPSbased on Verifiable Credentials18 The Trusted Access and Credentialing Hub18Implementation Models19The Payment Identity Credential20Key Operational Considerations for TACH and PIC22 Use Case 1: CDD/KYC Credential Issuance through TACH24Use Case 2: Confirmation/Verification of Payee25 Use Case 3: Authentication Credentials and Account Binding through PIC26Use Case 4: Data-Sharing Verifiable Credential27Use Case 5: Eligibility, Benefit, and Entitlement Credentials28Forward-Looking Use Case 1: Agentic AI and Delegated PICs for CDDand Payments29Forward-Looking Use Case 2: Cross-Border Payments30 9. Key User Experience Considerations31 Key User Experience Features Enabled by the PIC31User Experience Design Principles32 10. Key Risks and Mitigations: Managing Operational, Technological, andGovernance Challenges33 Operational Risk and Resilience33Cybersecurity and Fraud Risks34Digital Exclusion and Accessibility35Governance and Coordination Challenges36Consumer Protection and Trust37Pricing and Sustainability38Existing Sectoral Initiatives38 11. Key Legal and Policy Considerations41 General Considerations41Data Protection and Privacy41Issuance of Verifiable Credentials42Customer Due Diligence: AML/CFT Compliance42Authentication44Confirmation of Payee/Verification of Payee45Electronic/Digital Signatures45Access-Point Enablement46Competition and Access to PIC and TACH Services46Consumer Protection and Trust46 14. Glossary of Terms50Acknowledgements52 Annex A: FPS Architecture and Ecosystem53 Annex B: Digital ID—Key Concepts, Ecosystem, and Landscape56 Key Concepts56The Digital ID Ecosystem58Current Global Landscape and Examples of Digital ID Systems59 Annex C:Digital ID—Need for Digital ID and Challenges Facing Digital ID61The Need for Digital ID61Challenges Facing Digital ID61 Annex D: International Experience with Digital ID and Fast PaymentsInteroperability63 Annex E: User Experience Enablement and Access Models for the PaymentIdentity Credential66 ExecutiveSummary Digital public infrastructure has become a foundation for buildingmodern, inclusive digital economies. Its three core pillars—digital ID,fastpayment systems(FPS),and trusted data exchange—enablesecure participation, efficient service delivery, and innovation acrosssectors. Yet in most countries, these pillars have evolved in parallelrather than as an integrated system, resulting in persistent frictionsfor users, providers, and authorities. This White Paper presents a conceptual model for integrating digitalidentity into fast payment systems and introducing new ways tomakeand receive payments through verifiable credentials.Theobjective is to explore how interoperability between digital ID andpaymentscan address enduring challenges related to fraudprevention, customer onboarding, authentication, and the seamlessintegration of identity into transaction flows. At the center of thismodel are two components: the Trusted Access and CredentialingHub (TACH), a governance and technical overlay that links national IDsystemswith payment infrastructures,and the Payment IdentityCredential (PIC), a standardized bundle of verifiable credentials thatlinks a verified identity to transaction accounts and enables a range ofpayment-relatedfunctions,including onboarding,authentication,confirmation of payee, eligibility verification, and secure data