印度SACHET公共预警系统：移动警报案例研究

GSMA Mobile for HumanitarianInnovation GSMA The GSMA is a global organisation unifying the mobileecosystem to discover, develop and deliver innovationfoundational to positive business environments andsocietal change. Our vision is to unlock the full power ofconnectivity so that people, industry and society thrive.Representing mobile operators and organisations acrossthe mobile ecosystem and adjacent industries, the GSMAdelivers for its members across three broad pillars:Connectivity for Good, Industry Services and Solutions,and Outreach. This activity includes advancing policy,tackling today’s biggest societal challenges, underpinningthe technology and interoperability that make mobile work,and providing the world’s largest platform to convene themobile ecosystem at the MWC and M360 series of events. The GSMA Mobile for Humanitarian Innovation programmeworks to accelerate the delivery and impact of digitalhumanitarian assistance. This is achieved by buildinga learning and research agenda to inform the future ofdigital humanitarian response, catalysing partnershipsand innovation for new digital humanitarian services,advocating for enabling policy environments, monitoringand evaluating performance, disseminating insights andprofiling achievements. Learn more atwww.gsma.com/m4hor contact us atm4h@gsma.com We invite you to find out more atwww.gsma.com This material has been funded by UK InternationalDevelopment from the UK government and is supportedby the GSMA and its members. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect the UKgovernment’s official policies. Authors: Aarjan Dixit, MicroSave ConsultingKuber Bakthan, MicroSave ConsultingSusanna Acland, Mobile for Humanitarian Innovation, GSMA Contributors: Zoe Hamilton, Mobile for Humanitarian Innovation, GSMA Recommended citation: GSMA. (2025) India’s SACHET Public Warning System: A Case Study in Mobile Alerting Contents 01Introduction4 03India’s disaster risk profile7 04India’s mobile landscape and implications for early warning systems 10 05India’s approach to disaster management12The institutional structure of disaster management in India14Challenges in disaster communication15 06SACHET: a CAP-enabled integrated alert system16SACHET’s design principles19Testing and feedback34Extending the reach of alerts: the use of mobile networks for dissemination37Integrating cell broadcast in SACHET42The financial model for MNO engagement in India’s early warning systems45 07Considerations for implementing effective public warning platforms 46 Executive summary Timely and effective early warning systems (EWS) are critical forreducing the risks of disasters and saving lives. With 96% of the globalpopulation now covered by a mobile network,1mobile-based EWShave become a vital tool for disseminating alerts at scale. However, theeffectiveness of these systems depends on their design, deploymentand operational efficiency. This report presents a case study of India’sSACHET public warning system – a valuable model for other countriesseeking to enhance their public alerting capabilities. Mobile network operators (MNOs) are essential to theSACHET platform, serving as the backbone of alertdissemination. The system is integrated with India’sfour largest MNOs – Airtel, Jio, Vodafone Idea andBSNL – to support the integration of both location-based SMS (LB-SMS) and cell broadcast (CB). LB-SMS allows messages to reach all mobile users withina certain geographic area, ensuring broad coverageeven for older devices. However, it can be slow due tonetwork congestion and processing time. CB, on theother hand, delivers alerts instantly to all compatibledevices within a defined area, making it moreeffective for emergency alerts. SACHET is India’s national public warning system2,designed to provide fast, reliable and scalabledisaster alerts via mobile networks. The system wasdeveloped according to eight design principles: it isintegrated in India’s disaster management framework,multichannel in the dissemination of alerts andtimely in delivering messages. It is also inclusive,supporting multiple languages and accessibilityneeds, accountable, with clear governancestructures, actionable, ensuring messages provideclear instructions, secure, with measures to preventmisuse, and compatible with different networks andtechnologies. Although it is still being tested, CB is a criticalcomponent of SACHET, offering near-instantaneousmessage delivery unaffected by network congestion.This makes it particularly effective for rapid-onsethazards like earthquakes and tsunamis, whereseconds matter. CB also supports multilanguagemessaging, ensuring alerts are accessible for diversepopulations. However, device compatibility remainsa challenge as not all mobile phones can receiveCB messages. This requires ongoing efforts toexpand the reach of emergency alerts and increasepublic awareness of the system. By combining bothtechnologies, SACHET will balance speed, reach andreliability, ensuring t