东帝汶的气候技术：加强气候适应和复原力

August 2025 GSMA Central Insights Unit The GSMA is a global organisation unifying the mobileecosystem to discover, develop and deliver innovationfoundational to positive business environments and societalchange. Our vision is to unlock the full power of connectivityso that people, industry, and society thrive. Representingmobile operators and organisations across the mobileecosystem and adjacent industries, the GSMA delivers for itsmembers across three broad pillars: Connectivity for Good,Industry Services and Solutions, and Outreach. This activityincludes advancing policy, tackling today’s biggest societalchallenges, underpinning the technology and interoperabilitythat make mobile work, and providing the world’s largestplatform to convene the mobile ecosystem at the MWC andM360 series of events. The Central Insights Unit sits at the core of GSMA Mobile forDevelopment and produces in-depth research on the roleand impact of mobile and digital technologies in advancingsustainable and inclusive development. The CIU engageswith public and private sector practitioners to generateunique insights and analysis on emerging innovations intechnology for development. Through our insights, we supportinternational donors to build expertise and capacity as theyseek to implement digitisation initiatives in low- and middle-income countries through partnerships within the digitalecosystem. Contact us by email:centralinsights@gsma.com We invite you to find out more atwww.gsma.com This material has been funded by UK InternationalDevelopment from the UK government and is supported bythe GSMA and its members. The views expressed do notnecessarily reflect the UK government’s official policies. Authors Nigham Shahid (Senior Insights Manager, GSMA Mobile for Development) Elizabeth Abubakar (Insights Manager, GSMA Mobile for Development) Contributor Daniele Tricarico (Head of EmergingTech, Central Insights Unit and MEL, GSMA Mobile for Development) Acknowledgements This report was supported by research conducted for the GSMA by Emily Morrison from Sustainability Solutions Timor-Leste,as well as Pedro Macral da Costa and Joctan Lopes. We would like to thank the GSMA Mobile for Development ClimateTech, AgriTech and Mobile for Humanitarian Innovation We would also like to thank the many individuals and organisations in Timor-Leste and other Small Island Developing Statesthat contributed to the research. A full list of organisations consulted can be found at the end of the report. Contents Definitions of terms2Abbreviations and acronyms4Executive summary51.Introduction81.1Climate change in Small Island Developing States91.2The impacts of climate change in Timor-Leste101.3Climate tech for climate adaptation and resilience132.Research objectives and methodology152.1Research objectives162.2Research methodology and scope173.Climate adaptation and resilience in Timor-Leste: contextual factors193.1Connectivity infrastructure and mobile internet penetration203.2Literacy and digital skills223.3Policy and regulations233.4Financing for climate adaptation253.5Governance and institutional capacity264.Anticipate, Adapt, Absorb: Climate tech for climate adaptationand resilience in Timor-Leste274.1Extreme weather events and natural hazards284.2Agriculture and food security414.3Public health505.Considerations for scaling climate tech59Annex64Acknowledgements64Key stakeholder mapping65 Definitions of terms Artificial intelligence Climate resilience AI is comprised of widely different technologies thatcan be broadly defined as “self-learning, adaptivesystems”. AI has the capability to understandlanguage, solve problems, recognise pictures andlearn by analysing patterns in large sets of data.1 The capacity of social, economic and environmentalsystems to cope with a hazardous event, trend ordisturbance, responding or reorganising in waysthat maintain their essential function, identity andstructure, while also maintaining the capacity foradaptation, learning and transformation. Anticipatory action The GSMA uses the “Three As” framework of climateresilience to support communities and vulnerablegroups to: Acting ahead of predicted hazards to prevent orreduce acute humanitarian impacts before they fullyunfold. Effective implementation of anticipatoryaction ideally requires a pre-agreed trigger (rule-based decision based on measurable forecasts),pre-agreed activities (to support at risk communitiesbetween the trigger and full impact) and pre-agreedfinancing (funding based on the trigger).2 •Anticipate climate variability and risks from extremeclimate events, thus supporting preparedness andplanning (e.g. through early warning systems) •Adapt to multiple, long-term and evolving climatechange risks (e.g. through precision agriculture andlong-term weather forecasting)•Absorb adverse conditions, emergencies ordisasters (e.g. through access to credit andinsurance in the event of a climate disaster).6 Climate adaptation Adjusting to actua