The GSMA is a global organisation unifying the mobile ecosystem todiscover, develop and deliver innovation foundational to positive businessenvironments and societal change. Our vision is to unlock the full powerof connectivity so that people, industry and society thrive. Representingmobile operators and organisations across the mobile ecosystem andadjacent industries, the GSMA delivers for its members across threebroad pillars: Connectivity for Good, Industry Services and Solutions, andOutreach. This activity includes advancing policy, tackling today’s biggestsocietal challenges, underpinning the technology and interoperability thatmake mobile work, and providing the world’s largest platform to convenethe mobile ecosystem at the MWC and M360 series of events. We invite you to find out more atgsma.com GSMA Intelligence is the definitive source of global mobile operator data,analysis and forecasts, and publisher of authoritative industry reports andresearch. Our data covers every operator group, network and MVNO inevery country worldwide – from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe. It is the mostaccurate and complete set of industry metrics available, comprising tens ofmillions of individual data points, updated daily. GSMA Intelligence is relied on by leading operators, vendors, regulators,financial institutions and third-party industry players, to support strategicdecision-making and long-term investment planning. The data is used asan industry reference point and is frequently cited by the media and by theindustry itself. Our team of analysts and experts produce regular thought-leading researchreports across a range of industry topics. www.gsmaintelligence.com info@gsmaintelligence.com Authors Kenechi Okeleke, Senior Director, GSMA IntelligenceShroug Ganawa, Senior Analyst, GSMA IntelligenceHarry Fernando Aquije Ballon, Economist, GSMA Intelligence Contributors Angela Wamola, Head of Africa, GSMACaroline Mbugua, Senior Director, Public Policy and Communications, GSMA AfricaKanwulia Okafor, Director, Industry Services, GSMA AfricaJo Gilbert, Technical Director, GSMA FoundryVijay Taylor, Technical Manager, GSMA FoundryVivek Gautam, Market and Financial Insights Analyst, GSMA Intelligence Contents Executive summary.............................................................................41. Manufacturing in context.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .81.1 The evolution of global manufacturing.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..91.2 Africa in the global context ..........................................................................111.3 Key factors for competitive manufacturing in Africa............................................132. The transition to smart manufacturing.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 172.1 Defining smart manufacturing.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..182.2 Smart manufacturing technologies ................................................................192.3 The role of mobile operators in the manufacturing value chain.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .243. Assessing the smart manufacturing opportunity in Africa ............................283.1 Understanding the role of digital technologies in value chains. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .293.2 The rationale for smart manufacturing in Africa.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 313.3 The economic impact of smart manufacturing in Africa.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .363.4 Evaluating the potential of smart manufacturing.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .383.5 Country deep dives.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..404. Realising the potential of smart manufacturing in Africa............................ 644.1 Key considerations for accelerating smart manufacturing in Africa.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .654.2 Call to action: strategic recommendations for stakeholders.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .674.3 Key areas for stakeholder collaboration ......................................................... 73Appendix. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..75 Executive summary This approach involves integrating digitaltechnologies at various stages of themanufacturing value chain. At its foundation,smart manufacturing utilises artificialintelligence (AI) and advanced connectivitysuch as 5G to coordinate functions includingsupply chain management, production,distribution and customer service through asingle digital platform. Africa’s manufacturing output inthe global context Manufacturing serves as a pathway toeconomic gr