日本的预警系统：移动网络运营商的作用

The Role of MobileNetwork Operators GSMA Mobile forHumanitarian Innovation The GSMA is a global organisation unifying the mobileecosystem to discover, develop and deliver innovationfoundational to positive business environments and societalchange. Our vision is to unlock the full power of connectivityso that people, industry, and society thrive. Representingmobile operators and organisations across the mobileecosystem and adjacent industries, the GSMA delivers for itsmembers across three broad pillars: Connectivity for Good,Industry Services and Solutions, and Outreach. This activityincludes advancing policy, tackling today’s biggest societalchallenges, underpinning the technology and interoperabilitythat make mobile work, and providing the world’s largestplatform to convene the mobile ecosystem at the MWC andM360 series of events. The GSMA Mobile for Humanitarian Innovation programmeworks to accelerate the delivery and impact of digitalhumanitarian assistance. This is achieved by building alearning and research agenda to inform the future of digitalhumanitarian response, catalysing partnerships and innovationfor new digital humanitarian services, advocating for enablingpolicy environments, monitoring and evaluating performance,disseminating insights and profiling achievements. Learn more atwww.gsma.com/m4hor contact us atm4h@gsma.com We invite you to find out more atwww.gsma.com Contributors Authors Asuka Suzuki, Specialist in DRR Capacity Development,Pacific Consultants Co., Ltd.Keiji Hasuo, Specialist in Smart Infrastructure,Pacific Consultants Co., Ltd.Natsumi Kobayashi, Specialist in Social Sustainability,Pacific Consultants Co., Ltd. Ali Chavishian, Chief Project Manager, EWS and DX for DRR,Pacific Consultants Co., Ltd.Shuusaku Nakamura, Chief Project Manager, ICT and DXSolutions, Pacific Consultants Co., Ltd.Susanna Acland, Mobile for Humanitarian Innovation, GSMA Acknowledgments This report was prepared with valuable inputs from Japan’s mobile network operators (MNOs): NTT DOCOMO, KDDI, SoftBankand Rakuten Mobile. We are grateful for their time, operational insights and lessons shared through key informant interviews andthe validation workshop. We would like to thank the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) and the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)for their leadership and guidance. We also appreciate the contributions of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport andTourism (MLIT) and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). Further thanks go to the Fire and Disaster ManagementAgency (FDMA), the Foundation for Multimedia Communications (FMMC), the Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG) and othermunicipalities. We acknowledge the Telecommunications Carriers Association (TCA), which is an industry association, forfacilitating sector coordination. We also thank the many communities and practitioners whose experience and preparedness efforts continue to strengthenJapan’s warning and response systems. Contents Executive Summary21.Introduction32.Methodology53.Japan’s disaster risk profile74.Japan’s mobile landscape105.Japan’s approach to disaster management and governance126.Japan’s EWS architecture15Stakeholders and coordination21Policy and regulation26Technology and infrastructure28Financial model and funding367.Considerations for MNO engagement in EWS388.Conclusion41 Executive summary Japan is one of the world’s most disaster-exposed countries withfrequent earthquakes, tsunamis, typhoons, floods and volcaniceruptions, which have driven a long tradition of national and localpreparedness using early warning systems (EWS). This report examines Japan’s mobile-basedEWS as a case study of effective mobile networkoperator (MNO) engagement in EWS. Japan’s EWSarchitecture combines the national J-Alert system forlife-threatening hazards, the L-Alert platform for localevacuation and service information and standards-based mobile cell broadcast (CB) alerting operatedby the country’s four major MNOs. This layeredapproach ensures rapid, consistent warnings acrossnetworks and channels, even when infrastructure isunder stress. Drawing on lessons from the Japanese model, thisreport offers 10 key considerations for effective MNOengagement in mobile-enabled EWS: 1.Clear policy and governance frameworksdefine roles, responsibilities and coordinationmechanisms between public authorities andMNOs. 2.Common alerting standardsenableinteroperable, consistent alerts across networks,devices and channels. 3.Shared operational guidelinessupport uniformmessage handling, reduce errors and simplifyworkflows for stakeholders. A notable strength of Japan’s model is thecollaborative role of MNOs. Rather than treatingdisaster communication as an area of competition,MNOs work together on technical specifications,shared operational guidelines and joint testing. Thiscooperation extends to mutual aid arrangements,shared restoration assets, joint emergencyconnectivity hubs and coordinated dri