印度电动汽车和低碳客运各环节现状分析

Status quo analysis of various segments ofelectric mobility and low carbon passengerroad transport in India Disclaimer:While care has been taken in the collection, analysis, and compilation of the data DeutscheGesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH does not guarantee orwarrant the accuracy,reliability, completeness or currency of the information in this publication. The information provided iswithoutwarranty of any kind. GIZ and the authors accept no liability whatsoever to any third party for any loss ordamage arising from any interpretation or use of the document or reliance on any views expressed herein. Forewordby NITI Aayog In 2015,India signed the historic Paris climate agreement along with more than 170 nations, marking asignificant step that brought together developing and developed nationsin combating global warming bycutting down ongreenhouse gas emissions. At COP21, India had pledged to reduce its carbon footprint by 33-35% by 2030 below 2005 levels. It hasalso pledged to increase the share of non-fossil fuels-based electricity to 40 per cent by 2030. Consideringthe same, it is high time to switch to alternative fuel options to minimize air pollution and rising crude oilimport bill of the countryso that we can meet our commitments at the globallevel. The transport sector in India is the largest user of oil and second largest source of CO2 emissions world-wide. India has seen a rapid increase in adoption of automobiles since the last ten years. Currently, Indiantransportation sector accounts forone-third of the total crude oil consumed in the country, where 80% isbeing consumed by road transportation alone. It also accounts for around 11% of total CO2 emissions fromfuel combustion. Governmentof India had notified the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020 which seeks to enhancenational energy security, mitigate adverse environmental impacts from road transport vehicles and boostdomestic manufacturing capabilities for Electric Vehicles.In addition to this, the Government has notifiedPhase-II of Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (FAME) scheme to stimulatethe market of EVs in the country, de-licensed the charging infrastructure business and specified guidelines& standards for charging infrastructure forelectric vehicle thereby opening up the market of public charginginfrastructure & ensuring a roadmap for development of charging infrastructure, and introduced variousfinancial incentives to reduce upfront cost of EVs and charging infrastructure. While,Government of India has taken crucial steps towards faster adoption of EVs, there are severalchallenges and gaps existing in the EV ecosystem that must be addressed. In this context, the report on“Statusquo analysis of various segments of E-mobility andlow carbon passenger road transport in India” isa welcome initiative.It is believed that that the report will stimulate concerted and coordinated efforts byPolicy makers, Regulators, Utilities, OEMs and other value chain players to understand the existing gaps incurrent landscape of EV industry India and the key action items required for enabling accelerated adoptionof EVs to support India’s vision of transitioning to sustainable and green mobility. The team acknowledges and appreciates the contributions of all the stakeholders, who provided criticalinputs in shaping up the report. About the study On behalf of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety(BMU), the Nationally Determined Contribution-Transport Initiative for Asia (NDC-TIA) is a joint project ofsevenorganisations and with the engagement of China,India,and Vietnam.It aims at promoting acomprehensive approach on decarbonizing transport i.e. a coherent strategy of effectivepolicies that arecoordinated among various sector ministries, civil society, and the private sector. The overall aim of theproject, which is being implemented by the consortium of seven organisations together to support countriesin facilitating and informing these stakeholder processes and in developing selected climate actions. Thisenables partners to make a sectoral contribution towards achieving their NDCs and increase ambition intransport sections of long-term strategies and 2025 NDCs. In this context, under the regional technical assistance programme NDC-TIA; one of the activities was to“Perform a status quo analysis/investigation on different segments in India” (e.g. 2W, cars, trucks, buses,freights) under its International Climate Initiative(IKI). This analysis provided us the existing status,opportunities, challenges, gaps, and way forward for low carbon road transport in India. Different types andtechnologies, services, business models, standards, protocols, contribution in India’s long-term NDCs andother climate action and clean energy targets were assessed for various segments of low carbon roadtransport including electric mobility. The main objective or g