印度城市/城郊农业处理废水的再利用

Reuseof Treated Wastewater in Urban/Peri-Urban Agriculture inIndia Publisher NATIONALINSTITUTION FOR TRANSFORMING INDIA (NITI) AAYOG, NEW DELHI This document is prepared by Water & Land Resources vertical, NITI Aayog, Govt. ofIndia. Authors:Avinash Mishra, AdviserArunlal K., Associate Disclaimer This document is intended asReuse of treated wastewater in urban/peri-urbanagriculture in India. While every effort has been made to ensure the correctness ofdata/information used in thisreport, NITI Aayog does notaccept any legal liabilityforthe accuracy or inferences drawn from the material contained therein or for anyconsequences arising from the use of this material. NITI Aayog does not claim The report should be referenced as follows: Avinash Mishra, Arunlal K., Dr. Shikha Anand, Dr. Snigdha Goel. 2023.Reuse oftreated wastewater in urban/peri-urban agriculture in India,NITI Aayog, Govt. of India, Text from this can be quoted provided the source isacknowledged. ContactNITI AayogNITI Aayog BhawanParliament Street, New Delhi-110001India Preface As the country steadfastly progresses to a multi-trilliondollareconomy, water is theone of the key resources which can catalyze the growth.On the other hand, the very sameresource–water–can hinder the growth if it is not managed judiciously. One of the leastaddressed aspects, despite being the most challenging, is the productive reuse of treatedwastewater. Generation of wastewater is common to places where there is plenty of water, andwhere it is scarce. The impact of unmanaged wastewater is manifold as it pollutes freshwatersources in water plenty zones while it raises water security concerns in arid regions. However,it is a fact there are hardly any incentives or motivation to treat and reuse wastewater for This document highlights the scope of reuse of treated wastewater for urban/peri-urban agriculture, its challenges and the way forward. The potential of reusable treatedwastewater keeps on increasing as the urbancentersgrow out to accommodate the fast paceof urbanization.Moreover, the Nitrogen and Phosphorous contained in treated wastewatergives it an advantage over the raw freshwater, while using for agriculture. It is heartening to I am thankful to Prof. Ramesh Chand, Hon’ble Member, NITI Aayog for his muchvaluable guidance, suggestions and directional inputs. Support and motivation by Shri. B.V.R.Subrahmanyam, CEO, NITI Aayog is deeply acknowledged.I appreciate my team members inNITI Aayog for their sincere efforts. Mr. Arunlal K., Associate has made remarkable contributionthrough wide research reflecting the technical know-how, and coordinating the works with I am confident that this document will trigger a new paradigm of thinking and Contents Preface...............................................................................................................................iIntroduction...................................................................................................................-1-Wateravailability and demand....................................................................................-2-Wastewater generation................................................................................................-4-Challenges in managing waste water.........................................................................-4-Reuse of treated wastewater.......................................................................................-7-Reuse of treated wastewater in urban/peri-urban agriculture.................................-8-Examples of reuse of treated wastewater in agriculture........................................-10-Policies, Standards and Regulations.......................................................................-13-Way forward...............................................................................................................-16-Conclusion..................................................................................................................-25-References.................................................................................................................-26-Appendix.........................................................................................................................27 This page has been kept blank Introduction Asthe nation progressesat a fastpaceto achieve its development objectives,and strivesto beamulti-trilliondollareconomy in short span of time,theresourceswillbeconsumedat an equallyvigorous rate. For leap-frogging in any sector, water is thefirst and foremost requirementamongst all the natural resources. Water has itsfootprintassociated with all productsright from the inception, throughout the life cycle In India three major areas of fresh water use,in the order of volume of usage,areagriculture, domestic, and industry.The undesirable commonality among all typesof use is thefactthatwater once used becomes“waste”and is being“thrown/flowed/flushedout”o