关于提高国内焦煤供应量减少焦煤进口的报告

EnhancingDomEsticcokingcoalavailabilitytoREDucEthEimpoRtofcokingcoal (A Research Report Submitted to NITI Aayog) R SrikanthProfessor and DeanSchool of Natural Sciences & Engineering Energy, Environment, and Climate Change ProgramnationalinstitutEofaDvancEDstuDiEsBengaluru, India © National Institute of Advanced Studies, 2024 Published byNational Institute of Advanced StudiesIndian Institute of Science CampusBengaluru - 560 012Tel: 2218 5000, Fax: 2218 5028E-mail: publications@nias.res.in NIAS Report: NIAS/NSE/EECP/U/RR/01/2024 Cover photo:Front coverA coking coal washery in South Africa Back coverA modern coking coal mining complex in Australia Typeset & Printed byAditi Enterprisesaditiprints@gmail.com Acknowledgements The author acknowledges the leadership and motivation provided by Dr. V K Saraswat,Hon Member (NITI Aayog) to complete this study. The author also acknowledges thesupport provided by Dr. Rakesh Sarwal during the discussions leading to this awardof this research study by NITI Aayog. The author is grateful to Sri Rajnath Ram,Advisor (Energy) and Sri Jawahar Lal, General Manager (Energy) from NITI Aayogfor their support and contributions during this study. Specifically, the author thanksthem for organising the vital stakeholder consultation workshop with wholeheartedparticipation from the relevant ministries and industry (coal and steel). The author isalso grateful to the Ministry of Coal and the Ministry of Steel for the participation oftheir representatives during the stakeholder consultation meeting. The author thanksTata Steel – the only private coking coal miner in India, for providing data on theperformance of their captive coal mines and washeries. Last but not the least, theauthor is grateful to all the industry participants and the industry associations for theirvaluable comments and suggestions during the stakeholder consultation meeting. Disclaimer The National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru has received financial assistanceunder the Research Scheme of NITI Aayog to prepare the report. While due care hasbeen exercised to prepare the report using the data from various sources, NITI Aayogdoes not confirm the authenticity of data and accuracy of the methodology to preparethe report. NITI Aayog shall not be held responsible for the findings or opinionsexpressed in the document. This responsibility completely rests with NIAS. Table of Contents List of Figures List of Tables Executive Summary coal loaded in Australia, a benchmark forglobal seaborne supply, shot up to an all-time high of $670 per ton (Free-on-Board orFOB) in March 2022, from $460 per tonne atthe end of February 2022 (EU, 2022). In May2023, the spot prices of Australia’s premiumhard coking coal declined to $223 per ton(FOB) but rose to a level of $366 per ton inOctober 2023 before closing the year at $327per ton (Argus, 2024; EU, 2022). 1.India is the second largest steel producer inthe World after China. India produced 125MT of steel in 2022 while China produced1018 MT (WSA, 2023). While India is a netsteel exporter, it is also the second largestimporter of metallurgical coal in the World.India’s steel industry is a vital source ofcompetitive advantage for India’s flourishingautomobile & white goods industries besidesbeing a critical factor in India’s infrastructuredevelopment. 4.The total value of coking coal imports intoIndia crossed Rs. 1 trillion for the first timein FY 2021-22. As shown in Figure E1, thetotal value ofIndia’s coking coal importsexceeded Rs.1.5 trillion in 2022-23 though thetotal coking coal imported into India in FY2022-23 decreased marginally from 57 MT(in FY 2022-23) to 56 MT (Coal Controller,2024). Therefore, the average landed priceof coking coal increased from approximatelyRs.18,000 per ton in FY 2022-23 to justover Rs.27,000 per ton in FY 2023-24 dueto the mismatch in supply and demand formetallurgical coal in the Australasian market(Coal Controller, 2024). 2.As of 1 April 2023, India’s proved geologicalresources of prime coking coal and mediumcoking coal are estimated to be 5.13 BTand 16.5 BT, respectively (CMPDI, 2023).However,out of the 238 MT of coalimported into India during FY23, cokingcoalalone accounted for 56 MT(CoalController, 2024). In FY 24, coking coalimports set a record of 58 Mt with Russiaand the United States (US) gaining marketshare at the expense of Australia (Businessline, 2024). While non-coking coal importshave crossed 182 MT in FY 2022-23, cokingcoal dominates India’s coal imports in valueterms (Coal Controller, 2024). Specifically,during the last five years, coking coal importsaccounted for 22 percent to 27 percent ofthe total coal imported into India in termsof tonnage, while the value of coking coalimports varied between 39 percent to 45percent of the total value of imported coal. 5.Australia, with its geographical advantageoverother major coking coal exporters(USA, Russia, and Canada), supplied 54%of India’s coking coal imports (56 MT) inFY