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Authors and Contribution Peer Reviewers Dr L.P. Singh,Director General,NationalCouncil for Cement & Building Materials,DPIIT Leadership Shri Ishtiyaque Ahmed,ProgrammeDirector, Industry & Foreign Investment,NITI Aayog Ms Aparna Dutt Sharma,SecretaryGeneral, CMA-India Dr Anshu Bharadwaj,Programme Director,Energy, Green Transition & Climate Change,NITI Aayog Shri Kaustubh Phadke,India Head,GCCA - India Ms Poonam Kapur,Research Officer,NITI Aayog Shri Rajnath Ram,Adviser (Energy),NITI Aayog Shri Vipul Gupta,Consultant,NITI Aayog Research and Writing team Shri Vishal Kumar, Young Professional,NITI Aayog Shri Manoj Kumar Upadhyay, DeputyAdviser, NITI Aayog Shri K. Harshvardhan Reddy,YoungProfessional, NITI Aayog Shri Saksham Agarwal,Young Professional,NITI Aayog Dr Sunil K. Sansaniwal, Consultant,NITI Aayog Ms Ankita Gangotra (f),WRI US Shri Deepak Krishnan,WRI India Ms Afshan Ameer,Young Professional, NITIAayog Shri NGR Kartheek,WRI India Dr Sanjena N.D.,Consultant,NITI Aayog Ms T S Gowthami,WRI India Ms Kajol (f),WRI India Shri Ravi Kumar,Consultant, NITI Aayog Ms Anupama Kumari,Consultant,NITI Aayog (On Deputation from VasudhaFoundation) Disclaimer 1.This document is not a statement of policy by the National Institution for Transforming India (hereinafterreferred to as NITI Aayog). It has been prepared for the purpose of independent academic and policy-oriented research by NITI Aayog with the technical support of WRI India (legally registered as the IndiaResources Trust). 2.Neither NITI Aayog nor WRI India makes any representation or warranty, express or implied, as to thecompleteness or reliability of the information, data, findings, or methodology presented in this document.While due care has been taken by the author(s) in the preparation of this publication, the content isbased on independently procured information and analysis available at the time of writing and may notreflect the most current policy developments or datasets 3.The assertions, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this report are those of the author(s) anddo not reflect the views of NITI Aayog or the Government of India, or WRI India. As such, NITI Aayog andWRI India do not endorse or validate any of the specific views or policy suggestions made herein by theauthor(s). 4.NITI Aayog and WRI India shall not be liable under any circumstances, in law or equity, for any loss,damage, liability, or expense incurred or suffered as a result of the use of or reliance upon the contentsof this document. Any reference to specific organisations, products, services, or data sources does notconstitute or imply an endorsement by NITI Aayog or WRI India. Readers are encouraged to independentlyverify the data and conduct their analysis before forming conclusions or taking any policy, academic, orcommercial decisions. Roadmap for CEMENT SECTORDECARBONISATION January 2026 Preface India’s pursuit of sustainable and inclusive growth demands a delicate balance betweeneconomic advancement and environmental responsibility. Among the key sectors drivingthis progress, the cement industry holds a vital position as a backbone of the nation’sinfrastructure and economic development. As the world’s second-largest producer ofcement, India is on the cusp of significant growth, with production expected to rise nearlysevenfold by 2070, from 391 million tons in 2023. However, this rapid expansion brings withit a considerable environmental challenge, as emissions from the sector are projected toincrease from 246 million tons of CO2equivalent (MtCO2e) in 2023 to 945 MtCO2e in 2047to 1,323 MtCO2e annually by 2070 under a Business-As-Usual scenario. This dual challenge of meeting growing demand while addressing environmental concernsunderscores the need for a forward-looking strategy that aligns industrial growth withclimate action. Recognising this imperative, the report,‘Road Map for Cement SectorDecarbonisation’, provides a comprehensive framework to guide the sector toward asustainable future. It outlines a phased, long-term approach to significantly reduce emissionswhile ensuring the sector’s continued contribution to India’s economic progress. At the heartof this roadmap are three transformative solutions: scaling up carbon capture, utilisation,and storage (CCUS) technologies, increasing the use of clinker substitutes, and developinga robust supply chain for alternative fuels. This combination of technological, market-driven,and policy-enabled interventions offers a practical, adaptable, and cost-effective pathwayto deep decarbonisation. By 2030, the proposed measures have the potential to deliver measurable impacts,including significant reductions in cumulative emissions, mobilisation of private capital,creation of green jobs, and enhanced fiscal contributions. These outcomes demonstratethat decarbonisation is not merely an environmental necessity but also a transformativeeconomic opportunity, enabling the cement sector to thriv