GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL (GCC) TheGulfCooperationCouncil(GCC)wasestablished in 1981, and constitutes: 1. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)2. United Arab Emirates (UAE)3. Sultanate of Oman4. State of Kuwait5. Kingdom of Bahrain The GCC’sobjectivesare toachieve coordination, integration, and interconnectionamong themember states in all fields leading to their unityandto deepen and strengthen existing ties, GCC CEMENT MARKET: AN OVERVIEW This presentation gives a holistic overview of the grey cement market in the GCC regioncovering: •Cement demand and capacities•Key macro economic indicators, infrastructure, housing, etc. and future outlook•Highlights of region’s MACRO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS ANDDEMOGRAPHICS KSAstands out as thelargest by area & populationand has the region’shighest GDP; however,Qatar leads in GDP per capita, reflecting its strong economic strength despite a smaller population. *demandfigures in milliontonsare estimated/PCC: Per CapitaConsumption,CD: Consumption Density Overall, in the GCC region, cement demand is likely to grow by about 6-8% p.a. overthe next few years with the main cement growth coming from KSA and UAE. MEGA PROJECTS IN GCC:DRIVING CEMENT DEMAND A mega projectin GCC region isGulf Railway:A$250 billionproject connectingall 6 GCC countriesvia a 2,177 km railnetwork, expected to be completedby 2030.It will significantlyboost regional trade, travel & economic integration Kuwait KSA Some major projects under construction are NEOM, Qiddiya CoastProject,Jeddah Central, Thakher Makkah, Red Sea Project, etc.Upcoming FIFA World Cup 2034 and Asian Winter Games 2029 are Under Vision 2035 large projects under development are Silk City,Kuwait Island Development, Metropolitan Rapid Transit, MubarakAl-Kabeer port, Kuwait National Rail Road (KNRR) Network. Bahrain UAE Projectsin Dubai,Abu Dhabi and Sharjah like Al MaktoumInternational Airport Expansion, Palm Jebel Ali Redevelopment, CreekHarbour & Tower, Hail & Ghasha Sour Gas Development, Urban Bahrain’s infrastructure landscape is likely to be reshaped by Metroproject , U.S. Trade Zone (U.S.-Bahrain commercial collaboration) Qatar Oman Some major projects in Qatar are expansion of North Field LNG,Infrastructure Plans of Public Works Authority, Ashghal (includingtransportation, urban development, healthcare, education, etc.), Guided by Vision 2040, Oman has initiated various projects,including Yiti Integrated Tourism Development, Boulevard Spray(Rathath), Rimal Parkand Waste to Energy Plant in South Al GCC: CEMENT PLANT LOCATIONS Western region.•Around 30% cement demand comes •Most of the plants are located in North.•70% cement capacity is in IUs and rest 30% in GUs.•Abu Dhabi accounts for 45-50% cement demand , Dubai &Sharjah around 25-35% and balance 20-25% from other GCC: CEMENT PLANT LOCATIONS Kuwait Qatar •Oman has two plantslocatedin South and 3plants in North.•Main consumption centresin Oman are Muscat andSohar in North. In South,Salalahinthemain •Kuwaithas4cementplants located at ShuaibaPort.•The only integrated plant,relies heavily on importedlimestone from UAE. •Qatar has 2 integratedplants on west coast and 2grinding units near Doha. •Bahrain as one IntegratedUnitand one GrindingUnit, however both workas grinding units.•Main consumption centreis capital city of Manama •Main consumption is inand around capital city ofDoha and in Umm Bab on GCC: MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS ANDPRESENCE OF NON-GCC PLAYERS •KSA:All companies are Saudi owned. In 2016, Al-Khayyat Group acquired Lafarge’s 25% stake in AlSafwa Cement, and the latter became a wholly Saudi-owned company. In 2024, KSA cement industrywitnessed its first merger between Qassim Cement Co. and Hail Cement Co. GCC: MARKET CHARACTERISTICS Prices •GCC:USD 46-70/ t.•Omanis seen to have thelowestprices: USD 46-47/ t.•UAE and Bahrainreported thehighest prices: USD 68-70/t.•Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Qatar:USD 56–58/ t.•As per market sources,no substantialchange in prices is envisaged over*October 2025 •Blended cement is producedusingnatural pozzolana.•RMC plants add ground slag(GGBFS)to OPC while making Transportation •Cement transportation in theregion isalmost entirely by road.•Occasionally sea mode used for Bag:70-75%Bulk:25-30% GCC COUNTRIES: EXPORT & IMPORT •KSA and the UAE are main exporters ofcement and clinker. •KSA exports to nearby countries and toAfrica.•UAE exports to nearby countries and toclinker-deficit countries in Asia and Africa. •Some cement & clinker isimported in Oman•KuwaitandBahrainmainlyimport from KSAand UAE.Some import is also from Iran andPakistan.•Qataralso imports from Pakistan and Iran. CEMENT TECHNOLOGY •Most cement plants in the GCC region operate withhigh levels of mechanization andautomation. Central control rooms are equipped with modern PLC-based DCS systems, and a •Many facilitiesuse fully automated bagging and bulk loading systems, as well asrobotic •Plants commonly employ high-efficiency motors, fans, separator