旅游业促进发展：世界银行十年经验教训

Lessons Learned from a Decadeof World Bank Experience © December 2025 The World Bank Group 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet:www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved. This work is a product of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assumeresponsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to usethe information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes and other Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: “World Bank. 2025.Tourism for Development: Lessons Learned from a Decade of World BankExperience. © World Bank.” Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank,1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e mail:pubrights@worldbank.org Acknowledgments This summary report was written by Louise Twining-Ward, Paula Bellas Suarez, and Jessica Wilson. The original report was written byLouise Twining-Ward and Jessie McComb under the guidance of Martha Martinez Licetti, Mario Guadamilas, Shamsah Fatima Dhala,and Ming Zhang, with inputs from Martine Bakker, Jose Miguel Villascusa Cerezo, Paul Phumpiu Chang, Jason Chen, Gang Li, ShaunMann, Rogelio Granguillhome Ochoa, Vincent Palmade, Alex Pio, Antonio Soares, Alba Suris Coll Vinent, Jessica Wilson, and MaureenWyse. The team is grateful to the following peer reviewers: Andrew Beath, Lisa Farroway, Tanja Goodwin, James Sampi, and Stefka Photos:© Adobe Stock, except page 4, © Dreamstime, and page 8, © Shutterstock. Further permission required for reuse. Evolution of the World Bank’s Role in Tourism DevelopmentFoundation of World Bank Tourism WorkTourism Focus Adapts to Global Changes Tourism as a Development Tool: Evidence and ImpactEmployment and InclusionSocial and Environmental Impacts World Bank Technical Assistance: The Tourism Knowledge BankGlobal and Regional Tourism OutputsCommon Areas of Tourism AnalysisCritical Gaps in Tourism Research Key Findings from the World Bank Operations ReviewChallenges in Evaluating Tourism ProjectsSuccess Factors for Tourism Projects Introduction Across low- and middle-income countries, tourism is increasingly seen as a powerfuldriver for economic growth, job creation, and the protection of cultural and environ-mental assets.In 2023, tourism also attracted US$10.1 billion in foreign direct investment(fDi Intelligence 2024), a clear signal of global confidence in the sector’s potential. In 2024, This report shares key lessons learned from the past 10 years of World Bank knowl-edge and operational work in tourism.Over the past decade, the World Bank hasmobilized over US$10 billion to support tourism development across 80 countries. In2024, the authors reviewed over 100 World Bank tourism publications and a selection of The analysis highlights the evidence of tourism’s role in development, examinesresearch gaps, and recommends ways to improve the design of lending operations. This report is designed for professionals involved in tourism development, whetherworking within the World Bank or in partnership with other international organi-zations.It offers actionable insights to help ensure that tourism remains not only a driver Evolution of the WorldBank’s Role in Tourism Development Project used the analytical lens of tourism toexplore constraints on investment, examine micro-policyreform, decentralize institutional structures, and promotepublic-private partnerships. By 2007, the World Bank had Context of World Bank Tourism Work Tourism Focus Adapts to Global Changes The World Bank has been leveraging tourism as a driverof development outcomes since the early 1960s.WorldBank engagement in the sector began with the approval ofthe first tourism-related loans to Morocco and Tunisia in1966, followed by the establishment of a dedicated TourismProjects Department in 1972. By 1980, this department had The World Bank’s tourism portfolio grew steadily intothe 2010s and had to adapt quickly due to the devas-tating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.Between2019–2022, the crisis triggered increased requests for WorldBank support for tourism to facilitate recovery and adjust tochanging consumer preferences. Pandemic-related assis-tance included strengthening health systems, automatingand digitizing tourism products and services, supportinghard-hit small and medium enterprises (SMEs), and D