压缩空气储能：案例研究（英）

Compressed Air Energy Storage:Public Disclosure Authorized The bottom line.To maximize the contribution of variable renewable energy sources, long-duration storage is critical, since variable sources, notably wind and solar, often generate excesspower at off-peak times. The successful Yingcheng compressed air energy storage project in Compressed air energy storage (CAES) is emerging as acost-effective solution. CAES is a method of storing energy inthe form of compressed air that can be used to power tur-bines to generate electricity during periods of peak demand.Unlike pumped hydropower, which requires a specific ter-rain, or batteries, which become costly when deployed for What are the advantages of compressed airenergy storage? It provides a cost-effective way to store, for anextended period of time, excess electricity produced Various storage technologies have drawn attention with therise of renewable energy. Several of these, notably batteries,are well-funded and incentivized but provide only short-du-ration storage. However, to maximize the contribution ofPublic Disclosure Authorized The Yingcheng project in China is the world’s largest CAESproject commissioned to date. It is also the first to operatewithout using supplemental fuels, while yielding a five-hour Xiaoping Wangis lead energy specialist in theEnergy Sector Management Assistance Program Priyank Lathwalis an energy specialist in theEnergy Department of the East Asia and Pacific Yuge Mais a senior energy specialist in theEnergy Department of the East Asia and Pacific Now fully operational, the Yingcheng project is helping tobuild confidence across the energy storage sector in theglobalpursuit of novel long-duration storage technolo-gies operating at reduced costs. Huaxia Bank of China, amarket leader in green finance and financial intermediaryfor the World Bank-financed China Renewable Energy and The global CAES market was modest before the Yingchengproject began operation in February 2024. Prior to 2024,CAES had a worldwide installed capacity of approximately The World Bank has played a pivotal role in the success ofthe Yingcheng project by providing co-financing and adviceon project risk assessment and management. Additionally,the Bank promoted the use of global best practices and is In China, renewable energy provides 38 percent of the elec-tricity supplied to the grid. The unit cost of its generation isclose to that of the dominant thermal energy in the gen-eration mix. Even so, some renewable energy plants have China began to experiment with the CAES technology adecade ago, initially on a small scale, prompted by increas-ing penetration of variable renewable energy in the grid. The World Bank has played a pivotal rolein the success of the Yingcheng project by large-scale development of long-duration energy storage CEEC plans to further improve the technologies used atYingcheng in different geographic settings. It has started anew project using man-made underground caverns for com-pressed air storage, and molten salt (vs. water) for heat stor- •Sustainable business model.The business model andmarket mechanism for CAES, as for energy storage ingeneral, are still in early stages. While energy storagesystems can provide multiple value-added services sep- What are the challenges to furtherexpansion? The commercialization of CAES—in China and globally—turns on the resolution of several challenges The authors would like to acknowledge the leadership and guid-ance of Jie Tang (practice manager for energy, West Africa, andformerly practice manager for energy, East Asia and Pacific),Claudia Ines Vasquez Suarez (practice manager for energy, EastAsiaand Pacific),and Chandrasekar Govindarajalu(practice The chief challenges are: •Technical complexity.CAES requires advanced engi-neering and precise geological assessments, particularlyfor the use of salt caverns. The research and development •High initial investment cost.The upfront investment fora CAES facility is significant, even though the long-termbenefits outweigh the costs. Improving system conversion State Council of China. 2021. “The 14th Five-YearPlan (2021–2025) for National Economic and SocialDevelopment of the People’s Republic of China.” https:// References Business Wire. 2025. “CEEC-built world’s first 300 MW com-pressed air energy storage plant connected to grid at fullcapacity.”Business Wire. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250111706594/en/CEEC-built-Worlds-First-300-MW-Compressed-Air-Energy-Storage-Plant-Connected-to-Grid- U.S. Department of Energy. 2020.Energy Storage GrandChallenge: Energy Storage Market Report. Washington,DC. https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2020/12/f81/ ESS News. 2025. “World’s largest compressed air energy stor-age facility commences full operation in China.”PV Magazine.https://www.ess-news.com/2025/01/10/worlds-largest-com- Zhang, Ruicheng, and Guoxian Zhao. 2025. “A comprehen-sive review of compressed air energy stora