瑞典：2026-2035年瑞典遏制抗菌素耐药性的战略

Photo: Anna Hållams/TT, Kjell-Arne Larsson/TT, Maskot/TT (page 14),Maj-Britt Rehnström/TT (page 19),Shutterstock/TT (page 20), Ninni Andersson/Government Offices of Sweden (page 22-23), Fredrik Sandberg/TT(page 24 och 28), Vincent von Sydow/Public Health Agency of Sweden (page 26-27), Isabell Höjman/TT (page 31),Rolf Höjer/TT (page 32 och 37), Science Photo Library/TT (page 34-35), Henrik Montgomery/TT (page 36), BengtEkman/N/TT (page 39), Ulf Palm/TT (page 40), Jeppe Gustafsson/TT (page 42-43), Johannes Frandsen/GovernmentOffices of Sweden (page 45). The AMR symbol was designed by David Ljungberg on behalf of EU-JAMRAI.Its use has been formally authorized by EU-JAMRAI. Sweden’s Strategy to CurbAntimicrobial Resistance2026–2035 Content Introduction6 International commitments underscoreSweden’s work in AMR7 Focus and scope limitations of this Strategy8 A long-term strategy for 2026–20358 Gender equality and equity9 Target groups for the Strategy9 Other relevant strategies9 Vision11 Overall objectives during the Strategy period11 Target area 1 15 Safeguard structures for coordinating the work tocurb AMR to enable long-term management of across-sectoral problem15 Target area 218 Communication and increased knowledge aboutantibiotic resistance and counter-measures that leadto behavioural changes throughout society18 Target area 320 Working actively and proactively to ensure thatantimicrobial resistance is recognised and managedthrough global cooperation Target area 425 Continuous, effective surveillance ofantimicrobial resistance25 Target area 529 Continued responsible use of antibiotics andgood monitoring of their use29 Target area 633 Reduced development and spread of infectionsincluding healthcare-associated infectionsamong humans33 Target area 736 Healthy animals and safe food throughpreventive measures36 Target area 838 Strengthened preventive measures to limitdischarges into the environment38 Target area 941 Ensure reliable access to antibiotics andeffective diagnostic tests41 Target area 1044 Research and innovation that helps to curbantimicrobial resistance44 Background information46 A description of how this strategy was developed46 List of terms and abbreviations47 Sweden’s Strategy to Curb Antimicrobial Resistance 2026–20355 Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), in particular antibiotic resistance,poses one of the biggest global threats to health and food productionin our time. When bacteria and other microorganisms develop resist-ance to antimicrobials, the possibility of effectively treating infectionsin both humans and animals is reduced, leading to higher morbidi-ty and mortality rates1with substantial consequences for the econo-my. Antibiotic resistance threatens to undermine all of modern health-care, as it means that even routine operations, neonatal care, cancertreatments and advanced intensive care become associated with mortaldanger if we do not have functioning antibiotics. Discharges of antibiotics and other antimicrobials, and solid wastefrom their manufacturing as well as resistant bacteria into the environ-ment can lead to an increased burden of resistant bacteria in humans,animals and plants. Infections and resistance can spread between an-imals, humans and the environment through direct contact, food orwastewater for example. Working strategically to curb AMR is vital so that we can continue tohave access to effective treatments, but also to equip Sweden for peace-time crisis situations, a heightened state of alert, and war. Effective workin this area therefore requires collective action, but also an understand-ing of the different starting points and conditions that prevail in eachsector. Antimicrobial resistance is thus not just a public health issue, butalso a security and supply issue, with implications for the whole of society. International commitments underscoreSweden’s work in AMR The UN recommends that all countries develop a National ActionPlan on Antimicrobial Resistance.2Sweden has long followed this rec-ommendation by working with a whole-of-society Strategy, decided bythe Swedish Government, and a National Action Plan developed bySwedish government agencies. International declarations, recommendations and guides are devel-oped and updated regularly. The term One Health is often used in de-scribing the interaction between animals, humans and the environ-ment in this area. This Strategy is based on sector-specific as well asOne Health-oriented objectives, and recommendations adopted bythe United Nations (UN), the European Union (EU) and the Nor-dic Council of Ministers, all of which entail commitments for Sweden.They include the Political Declaration of the High-Level Meeting onAntimicrobial Resistance adopted at the 79th session of the UN Gen-eral Assembly in 20243, the EU’s Council recommendation on step-ping up EU actions to curb antimicrobial resistance in a One Healthapproach,4and the Nordic Council of Ministers’ dec