概况介绍：农业光伏概述和性能

Overview and Performance of J A N U A R Y 2 0 2 6 Authors:PVPS Trommsdorff, M., Campana P., Macknick, J., Fernández-Solas, Á., Gorjian, S.,Tsanakas, I. Editors: Max Trommsdorff, Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, GermanyPietro Elia Campana, Mälardalen University, Sweden What is Agrivoltaics? Agrivoltaics refers to thesimultaneous use ofthe same land areafor agricultural production and PV electricity generation.It aims tooptimise land-use efficiency, enhance agricultural resilience, and To qualify as agrivoltaics, a project must include agriculture and PV electricity generation, with agricultural relevanceensured through criteria such as land-use efficiency, agricultural intensity, solar sharing, and synergies between The Development of Agrivoltaics The development of agrivoltaics spans more than fourdecades, evolving from a conceptual idea to a rapidly Classification of Agrivoltaics This classification helps structure the diverse agrivoltaic system typesand supports consistent comparison of their Modelling and Simulation Agrivoltaics requires thesimultaneous evaluation of crop yield and PV power production, as shadingand microclimate changes affect both.Integrated modellingis essential to design systems that areagronomically viable, technically efficient, and compliant with regulatory requirements. that influence both crop growth and PV performance – especially for bifacial modules. Conventional PV or Reliable modelling depends on high-quality, multi-year meteorological data and specialised toolsfor irradiance, microclimate, and crop simulation.New integrated platforms are emerging that Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Monitoring microclimatic parameters and the agricultural and PV performance is key to better understand Legal Definitions Agrivoltaics requires clear legal definitions to distinguish it from conventional ground-mounted PV and toensure that agriculture remains an active, primary land use. Regulations often set criteria such asminimum crop yields, shading limits, or farmer involvement. Coherent frameworks are essential to provideplanning certainty and support responsible system deployment. In a recent study, Solar Power Europe Examples of Policy Frameworks(Campana et al, 2025.) France’s 2023–2025 legislation defines agrivoltaicsstrictly, requiring ≥90% agricultural yield, ≤10%uncultivable area, and demonstrable agricultural benefits.Strong local oversight and new national standards make France Japan enabled an early, widespread adoption of agrivoltaics – over 4,000 farms by 2021 – through feed-in tariffs tied to crop-yield reporting. Deployment slowed due toinconsistent local permitting, limited incentives, and stricter Germany anchors agrivoltaics regulation in DIN SPEC The US has no unified national framework; agrivoltaics 91434, which requires agriculture to remain the primaryland use and sets a minimum criterion of 66% agricultural yield. depends on fragmented state and local permitting.States such as Massachusetts, Illinois, and New York offer Updates to the EEG and the Building Act provide incentives andprivileged permitting, creating a clear and stable national incentives or bid preferences, but broader uptake requiresalignment across federal funding, state energy policy, and local Because agricultural land cannot be converted withoutrezoning, agrivoltaics progressed slowly until newunified criteria were developed to enable dual land use. Current Italy supports agrivoltaics through national guidelines and incentives, including fast-track permitting indesignated zones and strong support for “advanced” systems.Growth is hampered by regional restrictions, pending national Social Aspects Agrivoltaics can increase local acceptance when agricultural activity remains visibleand farmers Projects can strengthen rural communitiesby supporting farm viability, enabling generational Well-designed agrivoltaicprojects can improve climate resilience for farms, reducing the social and Concernsoften arise when revenue distribution is perceived as unfair or when agriculturalbenefits are unclear, reducing trust among local stakeholders. Landscape changes and fears of “energy over agriculture”remain key social barriers, particularly Transparent communication, participatory design processes, and long-term monitoring Economic Aspects Agrivoltaics reshapes the economic logic of land use by combiningtwo revenue streams on the same parcel. Figure 6 compares theeconomic implications of conventional ground-mounted PV (GMPV)and agrivoltaics, showing higher investment is needed to enable dual- Figure 7 illustrates typical revenue shares across different agrivoltaic applications, highlighting that electricitygeneration often contributes the majority of income, while agricultural value varies strongly by crop type,market structure, and system design. These distributions emphasise the need for regulation that protects Conclusion and Perspectives Agrivoltaics of