2026年就业与社会趋势

Employmentand SocialTrends 2026 World of Work Series Employmentand SocialTrends 2026 International Labour Office • Geneva © International Labour Organization 2026First published 2026. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. See:creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0. Theuser is allowed to reuse, share (copy and redistribute), adapt (remix, transform and build upon the original work) as detailed inthe licence. The user must clearly credit the ILO as the source of the material and indicate if changes were made to the originalcontent. Use of the emblem, name and logo of the ILO is not permitted in connection with translations, adaptations or otherderivative works. Attribution –The user must indicate if changes were made and must cite the work as follows: ILO,Employment and Social Trends2026,World of Work Series, Geneva: International Labour Office, 2026. © ILO Translations –In case of a translation of this work, the following disclaimer must be added along with the attribution:This isa translation of a copyrighted work of the International Labour Organization (ILO). This translation has not been prepared, reviewedor endorsed by the ILO and should not be considered an official ILO translation. The ILO disclaims all responsibility for its content andaccuracy. Responsibility rests solely with the author(s) of the translation. Adaptations –In case of an adaptation of this work, the following disclaimer must be added along with the attribution:This isan adaptation of a copyrighted work of the International Labour Organization (ILO). This adaptation has not been prepared, reviewedor endorsed by the ILO and should not be considered an official ILO adaptation. The ILO disclaims all responsibility for its content andaccuracy. Responsibility rests solely with the author(s) of the adaptation. Third-party materials –This Creative Commons licence does not apply to non-ILO copyright materials included in this publica-tion. If the material is attributed to a third party, the user of such material is solely responsible for clearing the rights with therights holder and for any claims of infringement. Any dispute arising under this licence that cannot be settled amicably shall be referred to arbitration in accordance with theArbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). The parties shall be bound by anyarbitration award rendered as a result of such arbitration as the final adjudication of such a dispute. For details on rights and licensing, contact:rights@ilo.org. For details on ILO publications and digital products, visit:www.ilo.org/publns. ISBN: 9789220430552 (print); 9789220430569 (web PDF)ISSN: 3106-941X (print); 3106-9428 (web)DOI:https://doi.org/10.54394/AHRT2681 labour market analysis / employment / unemployment / economic conditions / international trade 13.01.1 ILO Cataloguing in Publication Data Also available in French:Tendances sociales et de l’emploi 2026,Série Monde du travail, ISBN 9789220430576 (print), 9789220430583(web PDF); and in Spanish:Tendencias Sociales y del Empleo 2026,Serie El Mundo del Trabajo, ISBN 9789220430590 (print),9789220430606 (web PDF). The designations employed in ILO publications and databases, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and thepresentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the ILO concerning thelegal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.See:https://www.ilo.org/disclaimer. The opinions and views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the opinions, viewsor policies of the ILO. Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the ILO, and anyfailure to mention a particular firm, commercial product or process is not a sign of disapproval. Printed in Switzerland. Foreword The global economy and global labour markets have proven to be more resilient than wasexpected at the beginning of last year. Although 2025 was characterized by high levels ofeconomic uncertainty, the effects have not yet manifested in the labour market. Unfortunately,asEmployment and Social Trends 2026indicates, there has been little progress made in reducingwidespread decent work deficits. Economic and trade policy uncertainty continues to inhibitinvestment and trade, impeding productivity growth and the creation of quality jobs. At thesame time, the anticipated benefits from new technologies such as artificial intelligence haveyet to materialize in aggregate productivity figures. While the global unemployment rate is projected to remain at the historically low level of4.9per cent in 2026, around 284 million workers still live in extreme poverty – on less thanUS$3 a day – and more than 2 billion workers remai