XL…46天才法则

Text andillustrationsbyMarty Neumeier THE46 RULESOFGENIUS THE 46 RULES OF GENIUS AN INNOVATOR’S GUIDE TO CREATIVIT Y TEXT AND ILLUSTRATIONS BY MART Y NEUMEIER NEW RIDERS FIND US ON THE WEB AT WWW.NEWRIDERS.COMTO REPORT ERRORS, PLEASE SEND A NOTE TO ERRATA@PEACHPIT.COMNEW RIDERS IS AN IMPRINT OF PEACHPIT, A DIVISION OF PEARSON EDUCATION COPYRIGHT © 2014 BY MART Y NEUMEIER DESIGNERSBROOKE KL ASSCYA NELSONIRENE HOFFMANBERYL WANG PRODUCTION EDITORDAVID VAN NESS ACQUISITIONS EDITORNIKKI ECHLER MCDONALD DESIGN DIRECTORMART Y NEUMEIER PROOFREADERLIZ WELCH NOTICE OF RIGHTS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THIS BOOK MAY BEREPRODUCED OR TRANSMIT TED IN ANY FORM BY ANY MEANS,ELECTRONIC, MECHANICAL, PHOTOCOPYING, RECORDING, OR OTHERWISE,WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRIT TEN PERMISSION OF THE PUBLISHER. FORINFORMATION ON GET TING PERMISSION FOR REPRINTS AND EXCERPTS,CONTACT PERMISSIONS@PEACHPIT.COM. NOTICE OF LIABILIT Y THE INFORMATION IN THIS BOOK IS DISTRIBUTED ON AN “AS IS” BASISWITHOUT WARRANT Y. WHILE EVERY PRECAUTION HAS BEEN TAKEN IN THEPREPARATION OF THE BOOK, NEITHER THE AUTHOR NOR PEACHPITSHALL HAVE ANY LIABILIT Y TO ANY PERSON OR ENTIT Y WITH RESPECT TO ANYLOSS OR DAMAGE CAUSED OR ALLEGED TO BE CAUSED DIRECTLY ORINDIRECTLY BY THE INSTRUCTIONS CONTAINED IN THIS BOOK OR BY THECOMPUTER SOFT WARE AND HARDWARE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED IN IT. TRADEMARKS MANY OF THE DESIGNATIONS USED BY MANUFACTURERS AND SELLERSTO DISTINGUISH THEIR PRODUCTS ARE CL AIMED AS TRADEMARKS.WHERE THOSE DESIGNATIONS APPEAR IN THIS BOOK, AND PEACHPITWAS AWARE OF A TRADEMARK CL AIM, THE DESIGNATIONS APPEARAS REQUESTED BY THE OWNER OF THE TRADEMARK. ALL OTHER PRODUCTNAMES AND SERVICES IDENTIFIED THROUGHOUT THIS BOOK AREUSED IN EDITORIAL FASHION ONLY AND FOR THE BENEFIT OF SUCHCOMPANIES WITH NO INTENTION OF INFRINGEMENT OF THE TRADEMARK.NO SUCH USE, OR THE USE OF ANY TRADE NAME, IS INTENDEDTO CONVEY ENDORSEMENT OR OTHER AFFILIATION WITH THIS BOOK. ISBN 13: 978-0-133-90006-4ISBN 10: 0-133-90006-1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 In honor ofSaul SteinbergandE.B.White WHAT IS A GENIUS? To most people, a genius is someone with a tower-ing IQ—say140points or higher. This is simplistic.A genius is more than that, but also less. In prac-tice it only takes an IQ of125to become a genius.What you need beyond that is a facile imaginationand the skills to apply it, driven by a passionatewill toward a focused goal. A genius doesn’t start out as a genius atevery-thingbut a genius atsomething. For example, youcan be a genius at molecular biology, or a geniusat reading people’s feelings. You can be a genius atprogramming software, or a genius at broken-fieldrunning. This puts genius-hood within the reach ofnearly everybody. Over time, a genius may connectseveralsomethingsinto a semblance ofevery-thing, but this is optional in the definition of genius. In my recent bookMetaskills, I laid out fivetalents we’ll need to thrive in an age of increasingman-machine collaboration. These talents, whichI’ve called metaskills, arefeeling, or empathy andintuition;seeing, or systems thinking;dreaming,or applied imagination;making, or design talent;andlearning, the ability to acquire new skills. None of these needs a high IQ. What they need isa high regard for creativity. The rules in this book are creative rules. They’re general guidelines tohelp you envision, invent, contribute, and grow. Then what’s a genius? Here’s my working defini-tion: A genius is any person who turns insight intoinnovation, and in the process changes our view ofthe world. In other words, it’ssomeone who takescreativity to the point of originality. The philoso-pher Arthur Schopenhauer said it best: “Talent hitsa target no one else can hit; genius hits a targetno one else can see.” The rules in this book are as timeless as they canbe. None of them are new, yet they can help youcreatesomething new. Michelangelo didn’t inventthe hammer and chisel, but by using these tools hesculpted thePietà. Just as you can’t shape a blockof marble with your bare hands, you can’t shapeideas with your bare mind. You need rules. Rulesare the tools of genius. Use them when they help;put them aside when they don’t. I’ve purposely written a concise book. Mostof the creative people I know are consumed bytheir projects, and reading a long book is a luxurythey can’t always afford. So here’s a slim volumewith bite-size advice. You can reach into it random-ly, underline its salient points, return to the rulesas needed. I make no claims of completeness forThe 46Rules of Genius. Instead, I’ve chosen to focus onthe principles most often ignored, forgotten, orheedlessly broken. It starts with some advice onstrategy—or how to get the right idea. It continueswith practical tips on execution—how to get theidea right. From there it moves to building yourcreative skills over time, and finally to putting yourbrilliance to work in the larger world. Caution:The 46 Rules of Geniusis not foreveryone, for the simple reason that not everyonecan b